Nigeria Property Centre

Property in Lekki, Lagos

There are 61,142 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale and rent in Lekki as of 14 Sep 2026, with an average price of ₦350M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Neighbourhoods
1st Roundabout 2nd Roundabout 2nd Toll Gate Admiralty Homes Estate Admiralty Road Ajiran Road Alma Beach Estate Alperton Estate Alpha Beach Alpha Beach Estate Alpha Beach Road Arcadia Grove Estate Atlantic Estate Atlantic View Estate Bakare Estate Bayview Estate Bera Estate Bourdillon Court Bridge Gate Estate Brookhill Park Estate Brownstone Estate Buena Vista Estate Cadogan Estate Cadogan Place Estate Canal West Estate Cardogan Estate Carlton Gate Estate Chevron Alternative Route Chevron Drive Chevron Toll Gate Chevy View Estate Chois Gardens Estate Cooplag Gardens Estate Cowrie Creek Estate Cromwell Court Estate Cyberville Estate Eastland Golf Estate Eleganza Estate Elf Estate Estates Estates Estates Estates Fara Park Estate Femi Okunnu Estate Flourish Gate Garden Freedom Way Friends Colony Estate Frisco Court Goshen Estate GRA Green Park Estate Hampton Bay Estate Heirs Park Estate Horizon II Estate House on the Rock HRC Estate Idado Estate Ikota County Estate Ikota Villa Estate Inoyo Havens Estate Itedo Estate Ivy Luxuria Estate Jakande First Gate Jordan Brooke Estates Kusenla Road Lakeview Estate Lekki Conservation Centre Lekki County Estate Lekki Gardens Horizon 1 Lekki Pearl Garden Lekki Scheme 2 Lekki Scheme I LSDPC Estate Maiyegun Beach Estate Manor Gardens Estate Marwa Megamound Estate Melrose Park Estate Milverton Estate Mobil Estate Mobolaji Johnson Estate Napier Gardens Estate New Horizon Estate New Road Nicon Town Northern Foreshore Estate Oba Oyekan Estate Ocean Bay Estate Ocean Breeze Estate Oluwanishola Estate Oral Estate Orchid Estate Orchid Road Paradise Estate Parkview Estate Peach Palms Pearly Gate Estate Periwinkle Lifestyle Estate Pinnock Beach Estate Prime Water View Estate Providence Street Richmond Gate Estate Romay Gardens Estate Royal County Estate Royal Haven Estate Royal Pine Estate Safe Court Apartments Seagate Estate Silicon Valley Estate Southern View Estate South Pointe Estate SPG Road Spring Bay Estate Spring Garden Estate Stillwaters Garden Estate The Grandeur Estate TPDC Estate Treasure Garden Estate Tulip Heaven Estate Twin Lake Estate U3 Estate UPDC Estate Valley Stream Estate Van Daniel Estate Victoria Bay Estate Victoria Crest Estate Victoria Park Estate Victory Park Estate Vintage Park Estate Westend Estate Western Foreshore Estate White Oak Estate Willow Greens Estate Woodland Estate Zion Court Estate
Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Mini Flat
4 photos
₦4,000,000 /yr

Mini flat (room and parlour) for rent

Mini Flat

Mini flat behind prime Waters Estate freedom way Lekki Rent 4m Service charge + NEPA 1.2m Agency 10% Legal 10% Caution 10%

Prime Waters Estate Freedom Way, Lekki, Lagos
1 Beds 1 Baths 1 Toilets 1 Parking

K&K Realtors

1 Bedroom Deluxe Furnished Duplex — Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
16
₦110,000 /day

Detached duplex short let

1 Bedroom Deluxe Furnished Duplex

Deluxe 1 bedroom bathtub apartment with red room. Tastefully furnished and nestled in a serene environment. Location: Osapa London, Lekki Features: - Gated and Secured Estate - 24 Hours Electricity - House keeping - Jacuzzi - BDSM Kits - Super Fast WiFi - Ample Parking Space - Fully Equipped Kitchen Price: N110k

Osapa, Lekki, Lagos Added yesterday
1 bed 1 bath 2 toilets
Temitope Realty
Direct - Spacious 4 Bedroom Terraced House — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11
₦500,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Direct - Spacious 4 Bedroom Terraced House

Spacious four (4) bedroom terraced house Location: Lekki phase 1 Selling at: NGN 500 million Title: Governors consent building approval Features: - Prime location - All rooms en-suite - Spacious living area - Dining area - Swimming Pool - Family Lounge - Bathroom wares - Balconies - Security door - Walk-in closet - Inbuilt speakers - Fitted Kitchen - Microwave - Oven - Heat extractor - BQ - Ample Parking Space - Serene environment - Secured estate For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an email to: [email protected] Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call: +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Tapek Homes
Direct - 2 Bed Apartment with BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
10
₦340,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Direct - 2 Bed Apartment with BQ

There's something about living in Lekki Phase 1. You're close to the places you need, but your home still gives you that sense of privacy and comfort. This 2-bedroom apartment was designed with that lifestyle in mind --- private balconies, elevator access, ample parking, a swimming pool and gym. And if having a BQ matters to you, selected units come with one. ₦340M without BQ ₦370M with BQ. Governor's Consent Building Approval. A home in Lekki Phase 1 that simply makes everyday living easier. DM us to schedule an inspection. For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an email to: [email protected] Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / WhatsApp: +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 3 toilets
Tapek Homes
4 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex — Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11
₦18,000,000 /yr

Semi-detached duplex for rent

4 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex

Spacious four (4) bedroom semi detached duplex Location - Osapa, Lekki Features: - All rooms en-suite - Modern Fittings - Spacious Living area - Family lounge - Pantry - Ample car park - Football pitch - BQ - Fitted Kitchen - Air extractor - Washing Machine - Refrigerator - Microwave - Oven - Secured Estate - Serene Environment Rent: NGN 18 million Other charges: - Agency - 10% - Legal - 10% - Caution - 10% For inquiries and inspections, Call/WhatsApp; 08067006501 07011662628 08136229383

Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 4 toilets
Tapek Homes
Direct - Contemporary 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex — Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
8
₦450,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Direct - Contemporary 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex

Contemporary four (4) bedroom terraced house for sale. Location: Ikate, Lekki Selling at: NGN 450 million Title: Consent building approval Features: - Prime location - Secured location - Cinema/study/office - All rooms en-suite - Spacious living area - Family Lounge - Bathroom wares - Balcony - Security door - Walk-in closet - Inbuilt speakers - Fitted Kitchen - BQ - Ample Parking Space - Serene environment - Secured estate For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an email to: [email protected] Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call: +234 701 166 2628

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 4 toilets
Tapek Homes
1 Bedroom Furnished Duplex — Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
12
₦110,000 /day

Detached duplex short let

1 Bedroom Furnished Duplex

Enjoy a relaxing stay in our beautiful 1 bedroom apartment with a private cinema. Tastefully furnished and nestled in a serene and exclusive environment. Location: Osapa London, Lekki Features: - Gated and Secured Estate - 24 Hours Electricity - Private Cinema - Spacious - Super Fast WiFi - Ample Parking Space - Fully Equipped Kitchen Price: N110k

Chevron, Lekki, Lagos Added yesterday
1 bed 1 bath 2 toilets
Temitope Realty
Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Swimming Pool and BQ — Orchid, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
9
₦470,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Swimming Pool and BQ

Selling!! Luxury 5 bedroom fully detached duplex with swimming pool and BQ Location: Orchid Price: N470m Title: CofO & Building approval - Stamp Concrete Floor - Adequate security - Beautiful Fitted Wardrobes - Luxury Sanitary Wares - Inbuilt speakers - Modern Luxury - Secured estate - Good access roads - Flood free - Great Neighbourhood's

Orchid, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 6 baths 6 toilets
Enigma Private Realty
2 Bedroom Deluxe Duplex — Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
17
₦160,000 /day

Detached duplex short let

2 Bedroom Deluxe Duplex

Deluxe 2 bedroom apartment with a Private Sex Dungeon, BDSM kits, Private Cinema, Bathub and a Content House nestled in a serene and exclusive environment. Location: Chevron, Lekki Price: N160k Features: - Gated and Secured Estate - 24 Hours Electricity - Private Cinema - Sex Dungeon - Wine Cellar - Bathub - Red room - BDSM Kits - Content House - Super Fast WiFi - Fully Equipped Kitchen

Chevron, Lekki, Lagos Added yesterday
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Temitope Realty
A Spacious 4 Bedroom Detached House in a Family-Oriented Estate — Close to Eko Hotel via the Coastal Road, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
18
₦16,000,000 /yr

Semi-detached duplex for rent

A Spacious 4 Bedroom Detached House in a Family-Oriented Estate

4-bedroom detached house in a FAMILY-Oriented Estate, ikate Location: Ikate, Lekki, Lagos Proximity: Approx 7 minutes to Eko Hotel via the Coastal Road Annual Rent: N16M Condition: Unfurnished Property Features 4 Bedrooms, all en-suite Guest toilet Spacious fitted kitchen Spacious BQ Spacious sit-out Estate swimming pool Estate gym Children's playground 24/7 electricity supply 24-hour security Super-clean water Stamp concrete flooring Water heaters CCTV cameras rental details Annual Rent: ₦15,000,000 Other charges Agency Fee: 10% Legal Fee: 10% Service Charge: ₦840,000 Refundable Caution Deposit: 10% Contact For enquiries, private viewings, or professional real estate services, kindly contact: Adebimpe Adeola Deola Luxe Realty Limited +234 816 427 6682 +234 708 139 2769 [email protected] Deola Luxe Realty Limited Luxury Rentals - Property Sales - Property Advisory

Close to Eko Hotel via the Coastal Road, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos Added yesterday
4 beds 5 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Deola Luxe Realty
Well Maintained Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment — Agungi, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
19
₦6,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Well Maintained Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment

A very spacious 3-Bedroom apartment for rent in Oba Amusa estate, Agungi, Lekki. (Ground floor) Agency: 10% Legal: 10% Caution: 10% Service charge: ₦120,000 Commercial lease is allowed. Renovations has started...

Agungi, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
Flexibay Company Limited
Block of 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplexes — Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
7
₦2,600,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Block of 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplexes

6 Units of 4-Bedroom Terrace Houses - Ikate- ₦2.6BN For Sale: A block of 6 units of 4-bedroom terrace houses located in Ikate, offering spacious living, modern finishes and excellent power infrastructure. The development sits on a total land area of 1,300 sqm. Location: Ikate , Lagos Asking Price: ₦2,600,000,000 Total Land Size: 1,300 sqm Comes With: - 4 bedrooms, all ensuite - Fitted modern kitchen - Boys' Quarters/Staff room in each unit - Ample parking space per unit - 24-hour power supply Dav Vibes

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos Added yesterday
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Kehinde Akintobi & Co. Limited
Spacious Serviced 2 Bedroom Apartment — Illasan, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
8
₦7,500,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Spacious Serviced 2 Bedroom Apartment

Luxurious well spacious 2-Bedroom Serviced Apartment for rent in illasan, Ikate, Lekki. Power: PHCN payg Backup Gen: 230k Monthly Property specifications: - 24-hour security - Water treatment - Allocated parking - Fitted kitchens - Central water system - Central sewage system - CCTV surveillance - Pop finishing - Elevator

Illasan, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Flexibay Company Limited
Spacious 2-Bedroom Apartment — Agungi, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
9
₦5,500,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Spacious 2-Bedroom Apartment

Very spacious self serviced 2-Bedroom upstairs apartment for rent in an estate before the bridge at Agungi. Basic service charge: #1m Agency: 10% Legal: 10% Caution: 10%

Agungi, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Flexibay Company Limited
Luxury Fully Furnished and Serviced Miniflat in a Secured Estate — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11
₦90,000 /day

Mini flat (room and parlour) short let

Luxury Fully Furnished and Serviced Miniflat in a Secured Estate

14/6/26 1bedroom in a secure environment lekki phase 1, close proximity to evercare hospital and restaurants Location: Lekki Phase 1 Rate: N90,000 per night Refundable Caution Fee: N50,000 Amenities - 24hours Electricity [Nepa + Generator + Solar Inverter] - 24hours Security - Smart TVs - Amazon Prime - Netflix - Fully Equipped Kitchen - Microwave - Fridge - Kettle - Wines (Paid for) - Internet - Ludo Board Game Strictly no smoking inside the apartment

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 1 toilet 1 Parking
Stargate Properties
A Very Spacious Well Maintained 3-Bedroom Apartment — Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11
₦10,500,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

A Very Spacious Well Maintained 3-Bedroom Apartment

Lovely fully serviced 3-Bedroom apartment for rent in a very secured estate at Osapa London. Agency/ Legal/ Caution: 10% each Service Charge: 780,000 (65,000 p/month) Light is 24hrs Pay as you go.

Osapa, Lekki, Lagos Added yesterday
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
Flexibay Company Limited
Serviced & Furnished One Bed Apartment with Regular Light in Estate — Off Chevron Drive, Alternative Route, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
7
₦40,000 /day

Mini flat (room and parlour) short let

Serviced & Furnished One Bed Apartment with Regular Light in Estate

This cozy apartment is exclusive and fully furnished and serviced. it is one bedroom apartment with its private access and with regular light and not shared. The apartment has a bedroom separate from the living room. Guest has privacy away from visitors. It is cozy and it's interior is beautifully designed. The one bedroom apartment is open plan with a fully equipped kitchenette for good home cooking. Apartment comes en suite with a beautiful mini sitting lounge. There is a television and comfortable sofa in the living room. There are two cooling air conditioners. One available in the sitting area with a second air conditioner in the bedroom. . The apartment's kitchenette is fully equipped with microwave, electric and gas cooker, cooking utensils, pots, pans , cutlery and plates. There is also a fridge for cool storage and a heater for warm showers. The rest room has a shower and toilet. These facilities are within the bedroom. The one bedroom comes with comfortable, clean bed and beddings and wardrobe for hanging cloths. Complimentary regular cleaning is provided for the apartment. Free self service washing machine is available at specific times. Facilities include: Maximum security provided by the estate. Regular light from PHCN and backed up with Private Generator and inverter. Regular clean water supply. Free DSTV entertainment channels. Complimentary regular cleaning service. The apartment is located in a gated estate and in a serene environment , off Chevron Drive on the Alternative route. It strategically close to the head office of Chevron Nigeria limited, close to Atlantic shopping mall , Ebeano Supermarket and Lekki Conservation Centre.

Off Chevron Drive, Alternative Route, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 1 toilet 1 Parking
Capital and County Property Limited
Serviced & Furnished One Bedroom with Balcony & Regular Light — Off Chevron Drive, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
8
₦700,000 /mo

Mini flat (room and parlour) short let

Serviced & Furnished One Bedroom with Balcony & Regular Light

This one bedroom Apartment has its separate living room. This place is not shared. It has a relaxing seat out balcony facing the estate which allows for natural fresh air. It is an open plan one bedroom apartment. It has its private access. It is located in a secured estate off Chevron drive with regular light. The light is supplied by PHCN, generator and inverter. It comes en-suite with one bedroom, lounge, restroom and balcony. The Apartment is open plan with a kitchenette for home cooking. The kitchenette is a fully equipped with fridge, microwave, cooker, electric kettle and cooking utensils. It has a gas cooker and electric cooker . Apartment has a separate door to the bedroom giving guest adequate privacy when there are visitors. Apartment comes with a balcony providing fresh air and good view of the estate and security gate. There is also a private use rest room with shower . Apartment is in a serene environment, away from the hustle and bustle of Lagos city life. Amenities are not shared and include: Large television with complimentary full package DSTV channels. Complimentary regular cleaning with change of beddings. Complimentary use of the washing machine in the block, at specific hours. Free parking space in front of the block. The estate has the following : Maximum security Constant power supply backed up with private generator, PHCN light and Inverter. Regular supply of treated water Sewage/waste disposal services. Regular fumigation. Apartment is in a secured gated estate, in a calm residential environment with accessibility to premium environs of VGC, Chevron , Chevy view Estate, and Ajah . It is close to Lekki Conservation Centre.

Off Chevron Drive, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 1 toilet 1 Parking
Capital and County Property Limited
Exquisitely Furnished 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex — Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11 Video
₦140,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Exquisitely Furnished 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex

_*Traveller's Realty*_ for sale Option 1 Exquisitely Furnished 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex. Location: Ikota G.R.A, Ikota, Lagos. Features: - Smart Lock - All Rooms Ensuite - Dedicated Parking Space - Water Treatment System - Inverter Power System - CTV - Complete Sofa set - Luxury Bed designs with Mattress - Standing and Split Unit ACs - 4 state of the art Smart TVs - TV Consoles/Backdrops - Fully Fitted Kitchen - Refrigerator - Washing Machine - Fitted Closet - Pop Ceiling - Water Heater - Family Lounge with Snooker - 24 Hours Security Title: Governors Consent Price: 140m Naira Net Brokerage fee: 5% of purchase price.

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Traveller's Realty
Furnished & Serviced One Bedroom with Regular Light in Secured Estate — Marwa, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
10
₦80,000 /day

Mini flat (room and parlour) short let

Furnished & Serviced One Bedroom with Regular Light in Secured Estate

This one bedroom apartment has its sitting area separate from the bedroom . It is not shared and is private as guest has exclusive use of the apartment with keys. it is fully furnished and serviced. The apartment has regular light and water There is maximum security, as estate is in a serene and secured estate. The apartment has its out door pool for relaxing for in-house guests. The Apartment is on the first floor and in a block with 3 other apartments. It is situated in a safe and well secured upscale environment in Lekki Phase 1. There is a swimming pool for relaxation and for exclusive use by guests in-house. It is open plan and fully furnished with large flat-screen television and two air conditioners. One air conditioner in the bedroom and another in the sitting room. The apartment has fully equipped kitchenette with kitchen utensils, microwave, a large fridge with electric cooker for home cooking. The place has a lovely sitting room, bedroom space with a reading table and a chair making it very idea for reading and working at home. The rest room is not shared and with a shower. The Apartment is most suitable for guests craving privacy and peaceful environment. The place is located away from the hustle and bustle of Lagos city life. A private, comfortable , modern, peaceful and secured place. Smoking is restricted to the poolside. It is strategically location in Lekki Phase 1 and close to Victoria Island , Ikoyi, Oniru, Jakande, Ikate and Chevron. Apartment is in an upscale and serene environment not welcoming crowd, pets, noise , meetings and parties. Added amenities : Regular light boosted with 2 generators. Maximum security. Complimentary full package entertainment DSTV channels. Complimentary use of the swimming pool for relaxation, exclusively for guests-inhouse. Constant treated water supply. Unlimited complimentary wifi provided. Free regular cleaning service with change of beddings provided weekly. Free parking available for one car only. Free use of self-service washing machine at specific times. Laundry services are also available at a charge. Minibar available with variety of drinks and snacks at a charge. Please note that smoking, pets ,crowd , loud noise, meetings and parties are not allowed.

Marwa, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 1 toilet 1 Parking
Capital and County Property Limited
Serviced & Furnished Studio with Front Facing Balcony & Regular Light — Off Chevron Drive, Off the Alternative Route, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
12
₦25,000 /day

Self contain (single rooms) short let

Serviced & Furnished Studio with Front Facing Balcony & Regular Light

This large cozy studio apartment is with a relaxing seat out balcony which allows for natural fresh air. Apartment is fully furnished and serviced with regular light in a secured gated estate. There is private access and exclusive use of all facilities which are not shared. The balcony is front facing and has the best view of the estate and security gate. This self contained studio apartment is in a peaceful environment. The apartment is open plan with a beautiful mini lounge with chairs, television set and a cooling air conditioner. This place has a fully equipped kitchenette, having a fridge, electric cooker / gas cooker and microwave. There are cooking utensils pots, plates and pans to enable for full good home cooking. Apartment is en-suite with private rest room having shower and toilet facilities. Complimentary DSTV entertainment channels are available. For laundry there is a self service washing machine available for use at no cost. Regular complimentary cleaning services with change of beddings and towels are provided. The estate is well nested in a calm residential environment off Chevron Drive, for peaceful relaxation. Facilities include: Maximum security with mobile police Regular power supply backed up with a private generator and inverter . Regular treated water. Regular waste disposal service. Self service washing machine. Allotted car parking space available.

Off Chevron Drive, Off the Alternative Route, Lekki, Lagos
1 bath 1 toilet 1 Parking
Capital and County Property Limited

Showing 421–441 of 61,142 properties

Area Guide

About Lekki, Lagos

Lekki is a city located in the eastern part of Lagos. Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula, adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos, with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast which ends at around the western edge of Refuge Island, adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. 

The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80km long, with an average width of 10km. Lekki currently houses several Estates, gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos is ₦350,000,000.

The price of the most expensive flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos is ₦5,500,000,000.

The price of the cheapest flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos is ₦1,000,000.

There are 61,142 available flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.