Nigeria Property Centre

Property in Ikoyi, Lagos

There are 14,118 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale and rent in Ikoyi as of 23 Aug 2026, with an average price of ₦45M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Luxury 3 Bedroon + Private Cinema Apartment
15 photos Video
₦355,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Luxury 3 Bedroon + Private Cinema Apartment

This unique place has a style all its own. Step into Crimson Luxe, a stunning apartment with 3-bedroom + Private Cinema/Karaoke room designed for comfort, style and unforgettable stays. Perfect for business travellers, families, or groups seeking luxury in the heart of ikoyi on Banana Island Road. What you'll love about Crimsom Luxe - 3 Bedrooms with plush beedings for restful nights - Clean Water Supply - High Speed Fibre Wifi - Private Home Cinema -enjoy movie nights in/Karaoke sessions - Fully Equipped Gym - Pool The space Our 3-bedroom apartment + Home Cinema room in Banana Island Road, Ikoyi is ideal for travelers seeking a luxurious and comfortable stay in Lagos. Prime Location within a secure 24/7 protected premises. With its modern amenities, luxurious design. Apartment caters to both business travellers and leisure guests. Book your stay today to experience the best of Lagos. We look forward to hosting you and ensuring a wonderful stay. For any questions or special requests, please don't hesitate to reach out. Guest access Our fully serviced 3-bedroom apartment is exclusively yours, with 24/7 eletrcity, high -speed fibre optic wifi to enjoy both work and play is uninterupted. A unique door code grants access to the whole apartment with a house keepr on stand up to help with anything you need. Enjoy access to a gymnasium and take advantage of the pool

Banana Island Road, Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
3 Beds 4 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking

Adeyemi

Fully Furnished 3-Bedroom Apartment with BQ — Ikoyi Club Area, Ikoyi Lagos, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
5
₦30,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Fully Furnished 3-Bedroom Apartment with BQ

Serviced & Fully furnished 3-Bedroom Apartment With Bq Location: Ikoyi club , Lagos Rent: ₦30m per annum Service Charge: N4m Property Features: Fully furnished interiors with high-quality fittings Spacious living and dining area All bedrooms en-suite Modern kitchen with premium appliances Balcony with serene views Shower cubicles and jacuzzi Elevator access Swimming pool Fully equipped gym Children's playground 24-hour security Bq Adequate and reliable power supply Vol 24 36

Ikoyi Club Area, Ikoyi Lagos, Ikoyi, Lagos Added today
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
Crestforesight Homes & Properties LTD
Luxury 12 Units of 3 Bedroom Apartments & a 5 Bedroom Penthouse — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
19
$15,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury 12 Units of 3 Bedroom Apartments & a 5 Bedroom Penthouse

Luxury 12 units of 3 bedroom apartments and a 5 bedroom penthouse with a bq, pool and gym. Price: $15m (Sales) Rental: 860m Document: CofO Amenities: + Brand New + BQ + 24hours power + Swimming Pool + Gym + Elevator + Wide stair cases. + Good parking areas Note: We are looking for an individual buyer or renter to take all units.

Ikoyi, Lagos
3 beds 4 toilets 2 Parking
Adams Realties
Lovely Spacious 3 Bedroom Maisonette with a BQ, Pool and Gym — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
13
₦750,000,000

House for sale

Lovely Spacious 3 Bedroom Maisonette with a BQ, Pool and Gym

Lovely spacious 3 bedroom maisonette with a bq, pool and gym Sale price: 750m CofO Professional agency fee of 10%

Ikoyi, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Adams Realties
Luxury 4 Bedroom Maisonette — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
21
$1,560,000

House for sale

Luxury 4 Bedroom Maisonette

New to market: The ultimate rooftop experience This development is designed for clients who prioritize lifestyle, privacy, and luxury. Property: 4-Bedroom Maisonette's L:Ikoyi (Secure & Serene) The "Wow" Factor -- Private Rooftop Hub: ‍️ Rooftop Swimming Pool with panoramic views Rooftop Cinema for private screenings ️ Rooftop Gym for ultimate wellness Rooftop Terrace for elite entertainment Price: [Starting from $1,560,000] Title: [Deed of Assignment] Blessing

Ikoyi, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Adams Realties
5 Bedroom Detached House with Pool and Gym — Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
1
₦6,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Detached House with Pool and Gym

A well maintained furnished detached house is available for sale at Banana Island, Ikoyi. - 5 En-suite bedrooms - Home Office - Cinema room - 2 Living room - Wet & Dry Kitchen - 2 BQ - Swimming Pool - Gym - Private Elevator - Car park for 8-10 cars Location: Mixed Use Area, Banana Island Land size: 520m² Price: ₦6.5Bn Property is being sold with all furnitures (and artwork). Abdulwa

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos Added today
5 beds 6 baths 6 toilets 8 Parking
Flowtouch Properties
Fully Serviced Spacious 4 Bedroom Apartments — 2nd Avenue, Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
8
₦60,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Fully Serviced Spacious 4 Bedroom Apartments

For lease 4-Bedroom Apartments Banana Island, ikoyi Location: Banana Island, Ikoyi Rent: ₦60,000,000 per annum Premium 4-bedroom apartments available for lease in the prestigious Metave Apartments, located within the highly secure Banana Island Estate. Property Features: Spacious 4-bedroom apartments All bedrooms en-suite Boys' Quarters (BQ) Located across three floors in a two-wing development Swimming pool Elevator (Lift) Standby generator Water treatment plant Ample parking space Gatehouse and dedicated management office comprising three rooms Professionally managed and well-maintained development Situated in one of Lagos' most secure and exclusive residential estates Rent: ₦60,000,000 per annum Agency fee - 10% Legal fee - 10% Caution deposit - 10% Service Charge Deposit - ₦5m annually Diesel Deposit- ₦4m Rascenant

2nd Avenue, Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Unique Multi Concepts Limited
Modern Finished 5BR Detached Waterfront Mansion in Secured Estate — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
13
₦5,800,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Modern Finished 5BR Detached Waterfront Mansion in Secured Estate

This 5-bedroom detached waterfront mansion offers ultimate luxury. Key features: Ikoyi, Lagos -- Secure, gated estate. - Private Elevator -- seamless access across all levels - 2 BQ (self-contained staff quarters) - Showpiece Kitchen -- premium appliances, granite finishes, floor-ceiling cabinetry - Luxury Fittings -- marble flooring, smart-home automation, floor-to-ceiling glass with lagoon views - Outdoor -- swimming pool, private jetty access 24/7 estate security + backup power/water. A rare trophy asset. If interested, +2348023146279 Stephen Aims Real Estates Ltd

Ikoyi, Lagos Added today
5 beds 6 baths 6 toilets 5 Parking
Stephen Aims Real Estate LTD
Luxuriously Built 3 Bedroom Apartment with Pool and Gym — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
10
$1,100,000

Block of flats for sale

Luxuriously Built 3 Bedroom Apartment with Pool and Gym

Luxuriously built 3 bedroom apartment with pool and gym suitable for family residence and investment at old ikoyi. Location: old ikoyi Price: $1. 1m equivalent to n1. 467 billion Features Spacious living room Ensuite rooms Swimming pool Elevator Chandelier Sound system 24hrs security 24-hour power supply Treated water Cctv cameras. Top quality tiles Spacious parking spaces Gate house Good access roads Flood free Title: governor's consent

Ikoyi, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Brookstel Properties LTD
4 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Swimming Pool — SW, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
13
₦80,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

4 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Swimming Pool

Tastefully furnished 4 bed fully detached duplex with a swimming pool. Living Area: - Dedicated Storage Area - Water Heater - Microwave - All Rooms En-ensuite - CCTV Surveillance - Gorgeous Lightings - 24hrs Electricity Supply - 24hrs Security - Swimming pool Location: Ikoyi, Lagos Rent - 80M Agency - 10% Legal - 10% Caution - 10% Service charges - TBD

SW, Ikoyi, Lagos Added today
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Lambe & Eboigbe Properties
12 Unit of 3 Bedroom Apartment — Off Queens Drive, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
2 Video
₦240,000,000 /yr

House for rent

12 Unit of 3 Bedroom Apartment

To lease Newly built 12 units of 3 bedroom Apartment with all room en-suite available for Lease. BQs available Location: Off Queen's Drive Old Ikoyi Note: One (1) Corporate Tenant only to take all unit. Lease: 5 years (2yrs payable) Price: N240m per annum . 10% each on Agency, Legal and Caution Chin

Off Queens Drive, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos Added today
3 beds
Gui Integrated Concept Limited
5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ and Pool — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
16
$5,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ and Pool

Nicely built 5 bedroom fully detached duplex with a bq in serene and secure estate Location : iΚΟΥΙ Price: $5 million Features: Detached duplex Secured area Living room All rooms en-suite Fitted kitchen Gas burner Oven Heat extractor Water heater Walk-in closet Walk-in Shower Spacious rooms Swimming pool Maids room Private cinema Office space Gym Box room

Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 3 Parking
Brookstel Properties LTD
3 Bedroom Service and Furnished Apartment — Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
9
₦900,000,000

Block of flats for sale

3 Bedroom Service and Furnished Apartment

Nice and furnished 3 Bedroom Apartment with beautiful amenities and fully serviced apartment in Banana island ikoyi. The price is N900 million Document is C of O

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Brookstel Properties LTD
852SQM Water Front Land — Off 3rd Avenue, Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
1
₦4,260,000,000

Residential land for sale

852SQM Water Front Land

Waterfront land off 3RD avenue - banana island Waterfront Residential Land measuring 852sqm strategically located off 3rd Avenue, Banana Island, Ikoyi. - Location: Off 3rd Avenue, Banana Island Estate - Size: 852 sqm - Title: Federal Certificate of Occupancy (Fed. C of O) - Topography: 100% Dry, Table Land - Use: Residential / Luxury Waterfront Development - Price: N5 Million per sqm - Total: N4.26 Billion Features: Direct waterfront, serene and secure environment, proximity to 2nd & 3rd Avenue infrastructure, ready to build. Quad

Off 3rd Avenue, Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos Added today
Gui Integrated Concept Limited
4 Bedroom Luxury Maisonette with 2 BQS — Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
11
₦4,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

4 Bedroom Luxury Maisonette with 2 BQS

Luxury 4 Bedroom Maisonette with 2 BQs For Sale Location - Banana Island, Ikoyi-Lagos Price: 4.5B asking Features - Full Home Automation - Large living area - Spacious smart rooms and ensuite - Family lounge - 2 BQs - Wet and dry kitchens - Zaha Hadid Bathroom - 2-3 Car Park Space - 18% Seater imax Cinema - B&0 Sound System - Technogym - Virtual Golf Bar - Spa/Sauna/Salon - Interactive Lobby - Crèche - Serene environment - Secured estate - Good doc title - Great elites neighborhood and lots more

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos Added today
4 beds 5 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Orbrealtor
Stunning Modern Designed 5 Bedroom Detached House with 2 BQS — Off Bourdillon Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
25
$150,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

Stunning Modern Designed 5 Bedroom Detached House with 2 BQS

Stunning Modern Designed 5 Bedroom Detached House with 2 Rooms Staff Quarters Available For Rent. Features: - Newly Built - 24hours power supply - Communal swimming pool - Gym - Private Elevator - Fitted with Air Conditioning - In-built speakers connected to all parts of the house - Fully Fitted Kitchen with pantry - Dinning area - Spacious livingroom and bedrooms - Outdoor terrace - Family lounge - Home office - Box Room - Walk-in closet - All rooms en-suite - 2rooms staff quarters - Private parking space for each unit - Located in a serene and secured mini-estate with state of the art security - Prime location, proximity to major places, e.t.c. Rent: $150,000/annum Location: Ikoyi, Lagos For Further Enquiries and Inspection Bookings, kindly Contact Aruofeg Enterprise: 08074577210 or 08057989376

Off Bourdillon Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 4 Parking
Aruofeg Enterprise
Top-Notch Contemporary Designed 5 Bedrooms Detached House with 2 BQS — Off Bourdillon Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
25
₦6,000,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Top-Notch Contemporary Designed 5 Bedrooms Detached House with 2 BQS

Top-Notch Contemporary Designed 5 Bedroom Detached House with 2 Rooms Staff Quarters Available For Sale. Features: - Newly Built - 24hours power supply - Communal swimming pool - Gym - Private Elevator - Fitted with Air Conditioning - In-built speakers connected to all parts of the house - Fully Fitted Kitchen with pantry - Dinning area - Spacious livingroom and bedrooms - Outdoor terrace - Family lounge - Home office - Box Room - Walk-in closet - All rooms en-suite - 2rooms staff quarters - Private parking space for each unit - Located in a serene and secured mini-estate with state of the art security - Prime location, proximity to major places, e.t.c. Sale Price: 6 Billion Naira Location: Ikoyi, Lagos For Further Enquiries and Inspection Bookings, kindly Contact Aruofeg Enterprise: 08074577210 or 08057989376

Off Bourdillon Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Aruofeg Enterprise
Newly Built 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplexes with BQ — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium Verified Photos
25
₦850,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Newly Built 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplexes with BQ

Direct Brief/ We Have Direct Instruction From The Owner To Sell. For sale Four(4) Bedroom townhouses with the following details : Located in a very serene location in Ikoyi, Lagos. Price: ₦850 Million Naira. Features include : - 4 En-suite bedrooms. - Boys'Quarter (BQ) - Ante room/Foyer - Visitor's Toilet. - 2 Living Rooms /family lounges. - Dining area. - Fully equipped kitchen with a pantry - Box/storage room. - Study/Home Office. - Boy's quarter (BQ). - Modern fittings and fixtures. - Cctv surveillance cameras. - In-built speakers. - Communal swimming pool. - Communal lounge area. Title: Governor's Consent, deed of assignment & building approvals. For further enquiries and inspection kindly contact us on 07065266133, 07010281009 Email: [email protected] We have other Listings in Banana Island Estate, Falomo Osborne, Parkview Estate, Old Ikoyi, 2nd Avenue Estate, 3rd Avenue, Abacha Estate, Abdullahi Adamu Estate, Awolowo Road Ikoyi, Banana Island, Bourdillon Road, Cooper Road, Dolphin Estate Estates, Gerrard Road, Grenadines Skyvilla, Mojisola Onikoyi Estate, Osborne Foreshore Estate, Osborne Phase 1, Glover Road, Osborne Phase 2, Queen's Drive, Shoreline Estate

Ikoyi, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Bera Deals
6 Bedrooms Fully Detached House — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium Verified Photos
25
₦2,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

6 Bedrooms Fully Detached House

Direct brief/we have direct instructions from the owner to sell. For sale 6 Bedroom Fully Detached Houses with BQs. (Only 2 Units Are Available). Located in a very serene location in Ikoyi, Lagos. Features include : - 6 En-suite bedrooms. - Ante room/Foyer - Visitor's Toilet. - 2 Living Rooms /family lounges. - Dining area. - Fully equipped kitchen with a pantry - Laundry area. - Box/storage room. - Study/Home Office. - Boy's quarter (BQ). - Parking space for up to 6 cars. - Multiple terraces & balconies. - Modern fittings and fixtures. - Air conditioners (ACs) fully installed. - Ducted VRF ACs & smart home systems. - Cctv surveillance cameras. - In-built speakers. - Smoke detectors and fire alarm system. - Gymnasium. - Swimming pool. - Recreation area. Price: ₦2.5 Billion Naira. Title: Governor's Consent, deed of assignment & building approvals. For further enquiries and inspection kindly contact us on 07065266133, 07010281009 Email: [email protected] We have other Listings in Banana Island Estate, Falomo Osborne, Parkview Estate, Old Ikoyi, 2nd Avenue Estate, 3rd Avenue, Abacha Estate, Abdullahi Adamu Estate, Awolowo Road Ikoyi, Banana Island, Glover Road, Bourdillon Road, Cooper Road, Dolphin Estate Estates, Gerrard Road, Grenadines Skyvilla, Glover Road, Mojisola Onikoyi Estate, Osborne Foreshore Estate, Osborne Phase 1, Osborne Phase 2, Queen's Drive, Shoreline Estate

Ikoyi, Lagos
6 beds 6 baths 7 toilets
Bera Deals
Fully Detached Mansion on 700 Square Meters — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium Verified Photos
20
$5,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Fully Detached Mansion on 700 Square Meters

Direct brief/ WE have direct instructions from the owner to sell. For sale Newly Built & Contemporary Five (5) Bedroom Fully Detached House with 2 Maid Rooms, Cinema, Study, Home Office, Gymnasium, etc. This villa is located in a beautiful, serene, highly secured estate in Ikoyi, Lagos. Price : $5,000,000 Or the equivalent sum in Naira at the prevailing exchange rate. Land size : 700 SQMT. Titles : lasg Governor's Consent, Approved Building Plan. House features include: - 5 En-suite Bedrooms. - 2 room Boys' quarters. - Elevator / lift. - House Automation. - Equipped kitchen with refrigerator, freezer, dishwasher, water heater, electric and gas burners, - a spacious kitchen pantry with cabinets. - Beautiful Ante room/Foyer. - Beautifully done exterior and interior finishes. - Spiral stairways built for anesthetics and comfort. - Spacious living room. - Spacious family lounges. - Dedicated laundry room. - Master bedroom is on 2-floors and has a private study/home office. - Spacious balconies in the bedrooms. - Walk-in closets and shower cubicles. - Other luxury & quality furniture & household accessories. - Swimming pool comes with an outdoor lounge area. - Jacuzzis. - Central air conditioning cooling system felt strongly in all parts of the house. - The house comes with washing machine, water heaters in all bathrooms, water filteration facilities. etc. - Office/study. - Cinema/ Movie theatre with surround sound system. - Gymnasium. - Space for a Gazebo or Cabana. - Steam room & sauna. - Massive roof terraces on every floor. - Fortified with tempered glass. - Smart house automation system. - CCTV surveillance cameras. - Intercom system round the house. - Control room. - Smoke Detectors. - Fire alarms. - Automated gate system. - Sufficient Car park space. - 24/7 Electricity. - 24 Hours Security. - Etc. For further enquiries and inspection kindly contact us on 07065266133, 07010281009 Email: [email protected] We have other Listings in Banana Island Estate, Falomo Osborne, Parkview Estate, Old Ikoyi, 2nd Avenue Estate, 3rd Avenue, Abacha Estate, Abdullahi Adamu Estate, Awolowo Road Ikoyi, Banana Island, Glover Road, Bourdillon Road, Cooper Road, Dolphin Estate Estates, Gerrard Road, Grenadines Skyvilla, Glover Road, Mojisola Onikoyi Estate, Osborne Foreshore Estate, Osborne Phase 1, Osborne Phase 2, Queen's Drive, Shoreline Estate

Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Bera Deals
Luxury 5 Bedroom Mansion with 2 BQS — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium Verified Photos
25
₦3,400,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Mansion with 2 BQS

Direct brief/ WE have direct instructions from the owner to sell. For sale Contemporary fully detached five (5) bedroom smart house with 2-Room BQs. This mansion is located in a beautiful, serene, highly secured estate in Ikoyi, Lagos. Asking Price: ₦3,400,000,000 (Three Billion, Four Hundred Million Naira). Title : Governor's Consent & Approved Building Plan. Features include : - Smart house automation. - 5 bedrooms (all en-suite). - 2-Maid rooms/boy's quarters (2 BQs ) - Rooftop terrace. - Elevator/Lift. - Gate house. - Backup generator space. - Laundry room. - 2 Kitchens (wet and dry kitchens). - Main (wet kitchen) equipped with high quality double door refrigerator, microwave, oven, dishwasher, heat extractor etc. - Kitchen pantry. - Swimming pool. - Cinema/Home theater. - Box room. - Study/home office. - Space for a gazebo/cabana. - Double volume high living room ceiling. - Family lounges/living rooms (2 nos.) - Spacious rooms. - Dining area. - Staircases with motion sensor lights - Bathrooms with motion sensor lights - Bluetooth ceiling speakers. - spacious compound - Water heaters in the kitchen and all the bathrooms. - Walk -in closets - Walk -in showers - Interior and exterior Cctv surveillance cameras 360°. - Amazing exterior and interior finishes. - Ample car parking space for up to 6 cars. - Automated gate. - etc. For further enquiries and viewings kindly contact us on 07065266133, 07010281009 Email :[email protected] We have other Listings in Banana Island Estate, Falomo Osborne, Parkview Estate, Old Ikoyi, 2nd Avenue Estate, 3rd Avenue, Abacha Estate, Abdullahi Adamu Estate, Awolowo Road Ikoyi, Banana Island, Glover Road, Bourdillon Road, Cooper Road, Dolphin Estate Estates, Gerrard Road, Grenadines Skyvilla, Glover Road, Mojisola Onikoyi Estate, Osborne Foreshore Estate, Osborne Phase 1, Osborne Phase 2, Queen's Drive, Shoreline Estate

Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 6 Parking
Bera Deals

Showing 1–21 of 14,118 properties

Area Guide

About Ikoyi, Lagos

By and large, Ikoyi is a posh neighbourhood with a mishmash of exquisite residential apartments and commercial presence.

Ikoyi borders the Lagos Lagoon and takes up the eastern half of Lagos Island. It is one of the towns that make up the Eti-Osa Local Government Area of Lagos state.

Originally, the British Colonial Governments designated Ikoyi as a residential area for the expatriate community perhaps due to its proximity to the sea. However this arrangement changed with time with big establishments locating their corporate headquarters at Ikoyi. Ikoyi is home to the creme de la creme of the Nigerian society, from diplomats to senior company, business executives and senior public servants.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of flats, houses, land and commercial property in Ikoyi, Lagos is ₦45,000,000 per annum.

The price of the most expensive flats, houses, land and commercial property in Ikoyi, Lagos is ₦350,000,000 per annum.

The price of the cheapest flats, houses, land and commercial property in Ikoyi, Lagos is ₦4,000,000 per annum.

There are 14,118 available flats, houses, land and commercial property in Ikoyi, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.