Nigeria Property Centre

Property in Lekki, Lagos

There are 63,817 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale and rent in Lekki as of 5 Sep 2026, with an average price of ₦350M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Neighbourhoods
1st Roundabout 2nd Roundabout 2nd Toll Gate Admiralty Homes Estate Admiralty Road Ajiran Road Alma Beach Estate Alperton Estate Alpha Beach Alpha Beach Estate Alpha Beach Road Arcadia Grove Estate Atlantic Estate Atlantic View Estate Bakare Estate Bayview Estate Bera Estate Bourdillon Court Bridge Gate Estate Brookhill Park Estate Brownstone Estate Buena Vista Estate Cadogan Estate Cadogan Place Estate Canal West Estate Cardogan Estate Carlton Gate Estate Chevron Alternative Route Chevron Drive Chevron Toll Gate Chevy View Estate Chois Gardens Estate Cooplag Gardens Estate Cowrie Creek Estate Cromwell Court Estate Cyberville Estate Eastland Golf Estate Eleganza Estate Elf Estate Estates Estates Estates Estates Fara Park Estate Femi Okunnu Estate Flourish Gate Garden Freedom Way Friends Colony Estate Frisco Court Goshen Estate GRA Green Park Estate Hampton Bay Estate Heirs Park Estate Horizon II Estate House on the Rock HRC Estate Idado Estate Ikota County Estate Ikota Villa Estate Inoyo Havens Estate Itedo Estate Ivy Luxuria Estate Jakande First Gate Jordan Brooke Estates Kusenla Road Lakeview Estate Lekki Conservation Centre Lekki County Estate Lekki Gardens Horizon 1 Lekki Pearl Garden Lekki Scheme 2 Lekki Scheme I LSDPC Estate Maiyegun Beach Estate Manor Gardens Estate Marwa Megamound Estate Melrose Park Estate Milverton Estate Mobil Estate Mobolaji Johnson Estate Napier Gardens Estate New Horizon Estate New Road Nicon Town Northern Foreshore Estate Oba Oyekan Estate Ocean Bay Estate Ocean Breeze Estate Oluwanishola Estate Oral Estate Orchid Estate Orchid Road Paradise Estate Parkview Estate Peach Palms Pearly Gate Estate Periwinkle Lifestyle Estate Pinnock Beach Estate Prime Water View Estate Providence Street Richmond Gate Estate Romay Gardens Estate Royal County Estate Royal Haven Estate Royal Pine Estate Safe Court Apartments Seagate Estate Silicon Valley Estate Southern View Estate South Pointe Estate SPG Road Spring Bay Estate Spring Garden Estate Stillwaters Garden Estate The Grandeur Estate TPDC Estate Treasure Garden Estate Tulip Heaven Estate Twin Lake Estate U3 Estate UPDC Estate Valley Stream Estate Van Daniel Estate Victoria Bay Estate Victoria Crest Estate Victoria Park Estate Victory Park Estate Vintage Park Estate Westend Estate Western Foreshore Estate White Oak Estate Willow Greens Estate Woodland Estate Zion Court Estate
Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Luxury Event Centre
8 photos
₦1,700,000 /day

Hall for rent

Luxury Event Centre

Your date deserves the perfect venue --- lekki centre luxury hall Birthdays. Weddings. Seminars. Movie Auditions. Live Recordings. Churches Now Offering limited-time promo Dates Are Filling Fast. Bulk discounts for regular users Don't Miss Out --- Book Now. WhatsApp +234 903 778 2857 for instant availability and booking details.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos

Lekki Centre

Luxury 1 Bedroom Duplex — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
8
₦160,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Luxury 1 Bedroom Duplex

1 bedroom duplex in Lekki phase 1 Price: 160,000 Standard amenities are : 24/7 Power Supply Maximum Security All room led Smart TV Unlimited Wi-Fi Netflix & DSTV Spacious Living Room All room en-suite Modern Decor Fully Air Conditioned Secure Parking Space Housekeeping On-site Maintenance Swimming Pool Snooker Note: December booking is minimum of 2weeks.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 2 toilets
Hope Land Fresh Property LTD
Tasteful Furnished 2 Bedroom Apartment — Nova Base, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
16
₦130,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Tasteful Furnished 2 Bedroom Apartment

Available from thursday, 21ST november 2024. SlvYus arike apartment!!! Your Ideal Short Stay Apartment in Lekki. A tastefully furnished and fully serviced luxurious two bedroom apartment located at Novabase Estate, Olubunmi Owa Street, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos. Features: - 2 bedroom ensuite with walk-in shower, noise-free split air conditioner, smart TV - Large living room with 55-inch smart led TV, DSTV, Netflix, sound bar, Digital Safe - Dining area with marble top table set - Fully equipped kitchen with refrigerator/freezer, four burner gas/electric cooker, microwave and other kitchen utensils - High speed internet (Wi-Fi) - Washing machine and dryer - Uninterrupted electricity and water supply - 24 hour professional security with uniformed personnel - Janitorial service - CCTV surveillance camera Nearby attractions: Upbeat Recreation Centre Nike Art Gallery Lekki Conservation Centre The Palms Shopping Mall Filmhouse Cinemas imax Beaches Restaurants Prince Ebeano Supermarket Promo Rate: N130,000.00 per day (service inclusive) Minimum stay: 3 days *Long lease available (subject to negotiation)

Nova Base, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 2 Parking
360 Degree Properties LTD
Tasteful Furnished 3 Bedroom Penthouse — Cromwell Estate, Lekki Expressway, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
16
₦150,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Tasteful Furnished 3 Bedroom Penthouse

Available from today. SlvYus rida apartment!!! Your Ideal Short Stay Apartment! A tastefully furnished and fully equipped 3 bedroom penthouse located at Cromwell Court Estate by Chevron Head Office/off Chevron Drive, Lekki, Lagos. Fully equipped with: - 3 bedroom ensuite with walk-in shower and noise-free split air conditioner - Large living room with 55-inch uhd 4k smart led TV, DSTV decorder, DVD Player, Surround Speakers - Dining area with marble top table set - Ante room with two single chairs and coffee table - Fully equipped kitchen with a double door refrigerator/freezer, six burner gas/electric cooker, microwave and other kitchen utensils. - Washing machine and dryer - Uninterrupted electricity and water supply - 24 hour professional security with uniformed personnel - CCTV camera survellaince Nearby attractions: Atlantic Centre Shopping Mall Grand Cinema Prince Ebeano Supermarket Lekki Conservative Centre Promo Rate: N150,000.00 per day (Service inclusive) 2 Bedroom: N120,000.00 per day Minimum stay: 3 Days Long lease available (subject to negotiation)

Cromwell Estate, Lekki Expressway, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
360 Degree Properties LTD
Cozy 2 Bedroom Apartment with Private Cinema — Ikate, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
11
₦140,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Cozy 2 Bedroom Apartment with Private Cinema

Be the first to stay in our brand-new cozy and minimalist apartment! 2-bedroom apartment in Lekki Prime Water Gardens 2 Estate, Ikate. Private cinema for movie nights ️ Fully air-conditioned comfort 3 bathrooms for convenience PlayStation 5 & Xbox for fun ‍️ Swimming pool to unwind Kids' playground for little ones ️ Fully equipped gym to stay active 24-hour power supply always Perfect for staycations or long-term stays in a secure estate. It's all yours---book now!

Ikate, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 1 Parking
Grand Dutches
Featured
₦150,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Blanc: a Symphony of White Elegance

Step into Blanc, where luxury and minimalism intertwine to create a serene and refined experience. This two-bedroom masterpiece in the heart of Ikate is a celebration of sophisticated design, featuring an ivory and monochrome palette that exudes timeless elegance. From the plush boucle dining chairs to the sleek marble table, every corner of this apartment is thoughtfully curated to evoke comfort and style. The living area invites you to unwind with its soft ambient lighting, a designer ivory-toned sofa, and a smart entertainment setup equipped with Netflix, DSTV, and YouTube. Adorned with modern art and accented with lush greenery, this space strikes the perfect balance between warmth and contemporary chic. The expansive windows bathe the interiors in natural light, enhancing the serene white tones that define Blanc's unique charm. Retreat to the en-suite bedrooms, where king-sized beds dressed in premium linens await you. The minimalist decor is punctuated with luxurious details like bespoke lighting, black accents, and soft textures, creating a tranquil atmosphere for restful nights. A fully equipped kitchen, complete with top-notch appliances and a sleek black-and-white aesthetic, ensures that every culinary need is met. Blanc also offers a stylish balcony sit-out area, ideal for sipping morning coffee or enjoying quiet evening moments. Perfect for both short stays and extended visits, Blanc provides a luxurious retreat that feels like home while offering the sophistication of a five-star experience. What Blanc Offers: Living Area - Ivory-hued sectional sofa complemented by white marble and black accents. - Smart TV with Netflix, DSTV, and YouTube, framed by stunning recessed lighting. Kitchen - Fully equipped with modern black cabinetry, gas hob, oven, microwave, and fridge. - Complete set of premium utensils and appliances. Bedroom - Spacious en-suite bedrooms with plush bedding and elegant decor. - Built-in wardrobes and private flat-screen TVs for a luxurious retreat. Utility & Maintenance - Professional housekeeping ensures cleanliness and comfort. - Washing machine available for self-service. Entertainment & Technology - Superfast WiFi and a variety of streaming services to keep you connected. Outdoor Space - Stylish balconies with chic seating to relax and enjoy vibrant views. Security - 24/7 power supply and top-notch security. - Dedicated car park space within a gated estate. Rates: - Nightly Rate: ₦150,000 - Refundable Caution Fee: ₦100,000 Discover unparalleled luxury at Opal. Immerse yourself in an environment that blends sophistication with modern comfort. Book now for a minimum of two nights and indulge in the Opal experience. Guidelines: - Full payment required before check-in by 2 PM. - Check-out time is 12 PM; keys to be returned to the house manager. - Reservation renewals are subject to availability. - Charges apply for replacing damaged items. - Pets are not allowed. - Explosives and firearms are prohibited. - Parties are not allowed without prior arrangements; violations lead to eviction without a refund. - Smoking only allowed in designated areas. - Service may be refused to disruptive or harassing guests. - Management reserves the right to enter apartments to prevent danger or damage. - Caution fee required before check-in, refundable upon a damage-free checkout.

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Transient Apartments Limited
Luxuriously Finished and Fully Furnished 4bedroom Terrace Duplex — Alternative Rd Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
11
₦160,000 /day

Terraced duplex short let

Luxuriously Finished and Fully Furnished 4bedroom Terrace Duplex

For shortlet Luxuriously furnished and serviced 4bedroom terrace duplex located in a well secured and serene neighbourhood of Tulip Estate alternative road Chevron Lekki. This apartment is suitable for corporate retreats, get-togethers, reunions and family staycations with the following features: Well Secured gated Estate 24 hrs light Good Accessibility State of the art electronics Contemporary kitchen wares 24 hrs super fast internet All rooms ensuite with chilling A/C Priced @ N160,000 daily. Book now before we are fully booked

Alternative Rd Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Restedge Properties Company
Luxury 2 Bedroom Maisonnette with a Swimming Pool — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
6
₦190,000 /day

House short let

Luxury 2 Bedroom Maisonnette with a Swimming Pool

2 bedroom Maisonnette with a swimming pool in lekki phase 1 Price: 190k

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 1 Parking
Adams Realties
New 2 Bedroom Luxury Apartment — LSDPC Estate Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured Verified Photos
24
₦119,900 /day

Flat / apartment short let

New 2 Bedroom Luxury Apartment

Brand New 2 Bedroom luxury apartment at Lsdpc estate freedom way Lekki phase 1 for shortlet! Price: ₦119.9k per night Features Spacious living room En-suite bedrooms 24/7 power 24/7 security Gameboard Internet Dstv Tennis court City view Check in 2pm check out 12pm

LSDPC Estate Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Kinchozi Enterprise
Luxury 2 Bedroom Apartment — LSDPC Estate Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured Verified Photos
22
₦115,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Luxury 2 Bedroom Apartment

Exquisitely furnished 2 bedroom apartment for shortlet at Lsdpc estate, Freedom Way, Lekki phase 1 Price: ₦115k per night Features 24/7 power & security DSTV Internet Game board Fitted kitchen Mini mart Tennis court Children playground Lounge Few minutes drive to purple lekki mall, vfs visa center, Ikate lekki beach, The place eatery, Chicken republic etc

LSDPC Estate Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Kinchozi Enterprise
3 Bedroom Room House with Private Compound for Short Stay — 28 Farmvilla Estate, Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
11 Video
₦135,000 /day

Detached duplex short let

3 Bedroom Room House with Private Compound for Short Stay

Welcome to Farmvilla Estate, House 28! Our luxurious 3-bedroom house in the esteemed Chevron neighborhood of Lekki, Lagos awaits you. This stylishly furnished abode boasts 3 king-size beds and a private compound for your exclusive use. With two spacious living rooms perfect for entertainment, you'll have ample space to unwind. Situated in a secure and serene upscale estate in Chevron, the property offers a peaceful environment for a long-term family stay. Enjoy regular power supply and entertainment amenities like Netflix. The beach, clubs, and dining options are a short drive away. Supermarkets, a spa, and the Lekki Conservation Centre are nearby. The elegantly designed living area features a Smart TV. 3-bedrooms with en-suite bathrooms and workspaces ensure comfort and productivity. We are committed to ensuring your stay is exceptional.

28 Farmvilla Estate, Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
Graysteek Partners
4 Bedrooms Detached Duplex Also Available for Party — Chevron, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
23
₦230,000 /day

Detached duplex short let

4 Bedrooms Detached Duplex Also Available for Party

Property Description: 4 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Bq Available For Shortlet At Chevron Estate Lekki, Lagos. Shortlet Price: 230k Per Day. Contact Person: 09121716205 08132670552 Features *24/7 power supply *24/7 security *Secured parking space *Modern fitted kitchen *Netflix *DStv *Smart TVs *Ensuite rooms *Work stations *Modern decor *Washing machine *Fire extinguisher *Intercoms *WiFi *Fully Air- conditioned *House Keeping *Friendly Host

Chevron, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 4 toilets
Trustfield Realty Limited
Luxury 3 Bedrooms Waterfront Apartment with Table Tennis — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
5
₦230,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Luxury 3 Bedrooms Waterfront Apartment with Table Tennis

Luxury 3 bedroom waterfront in lekki phase 1 with table tennis 230k per night Floor update: 2nd floor

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 1 Parking
Adams Realties
Luxury 1 Bedroom Apartment — Off Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
5
₦100,000 /day

Mini flat (room and parlour) short let

Luxury 1 Bedroom Apartment

Brand New Lovely 1 Bedroom shortlet Apartment Off Admiralty way, Lekki phase one Features: - 24/7 uninterrupted power supply - ⁠24/7 security - ⁠unlimited Internet - House Keeping service - Netflix - Dstv - Fully fitted Kitchen - ⁠cozy Bedroom - ⁠parking space Price: 100k per night Video available on request Kindly call 0817464741 for bookings

Off Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 1 toilet 1 Parking
Tenancious Realtors and Properties
Beautiful 2 Bedroom Flat with Top Notch Facilities — Meadow Hall Way, Ikate Elegushi, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
8
₦140,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Beautiful 2 Bedroom Flat with Top Notch Facilities

Newly Furnished 2 Bedroom Apartment for Shortlet. Features: -Beautifully designed Interior -Ample parking space -Art designs -24 hours Power supply -Chandeliers -Air Conditioning Systems -Hockey board -Lounge -DSTV -Netflix -Internet Facility -Fully Fitted Kitchen -Laundry -Treated Water -Good Road Network -24 hours Security -Smart Door lock ----etc Location: Ikate Elegushi Price: N140k per night (Normal stay)

Meadow Hall Way, Ikate Elegushi, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 2 toilets
Own a Home
Elegantly Designed 2 Bedrooms Apartment with Pool, Gym — Lekki, Lagos
Featured
21
₦150,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Elegantly Designed 2 Bedrooms Apartment with Pool, Gym

Tastefully Furnished 2 bedroom Apartment with Swimming pool, Gym & Elevator Location: Ikate, Lekki, Lagos Price: 150,000 December rate 220,000 Caution fee: N100,000 No Smoking Features: - 24/7 Electricity - 24/7 Security - Fast Unlimited Internet - ⁠PlayStation 5 - Board Games (Scrabble & Chess) - Air hockey - Netflix / DSTV / Prime Video / Showmax / YouTube - Inbuilt bluetooth speakers - Smart Door lock - Automated Curtains (Living Room & Masters Bedroom - House keeping services - ⁠Balconies - Dedicated parking space - Smart TV in all rooms - All Rooms En-suite - Soft Memory Pillows - Semi Orthopedic and Spring Mattress - Fully Fitted kitchen - ⁠Swimming pool - ⁠Gym - Elevator - Beautiful Artworks - Less than 2 mins drive to Lekki Epe Expressway - Serene environment - Good access road And lots more..

Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 3 baths 3 toilets
Befitting Properties Limited
Tastefully Furnished 3 Bedrooms Apartment with Swimming Pool — Lekki, Lagos
Featured
22
₦160,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Tastefully Furnished 3 Bedrooms Apartment with Swimming Pool

Tastefully Furnished 3 Bedroom (Shortlet) Apartment with Swimming pool & Gym Location: Ikate, lekki Refundable caution fee: N100,000 Features: - 24/7 Electricity - 24/7 Security - Fast Unlimited Internet - ⁠PlayStation 5 - Board Games (Scrabble & Chess) - Netflix / DSTV / Prime Video / Showmax / YouTube - Inbuilt bluetooth speakers - Smart Door lock - House keeping services - Dedicated parking space - Smart TV in all rooms - All Rooms En-suite - Soft Memory Pillows - Semi Orthopedic and Spring Mattress - Washing machine - Refrigerator - Air-conditioning - Fully Fitted kitchen - ⁠Swimming pool - ⁠Gym - Less than 1 minute drive to Lekki Epe Expressway - Serene environment - Good access road And lots more.. rate/day 160k. December rate N240k

Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
Befitting Properties Limited
4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with Top Notch Amenities — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
16
₦230,000 /day

Semi-detached duplex short let

4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with Top Notch Amenities

Unit 1: 4 bedroom Semi detached duplex with top-notch amenities available for short/long stay. Location: Lekki Phase 1 Price: N230 Refundable Caution: N100,000 Facilities Include: - ⁠Superfast WiFi - 24/7 Power Supply - ⁠24/7 Security - ⁠Shower - ⁠Bathtub - Netflix / YouTube / DSTV - En-suite rooms - Housekeeping - Chef on demand - ⁠Snooker - Dedicated car park - Fully equipped kitchen - Tastefully furnished For short stay: Minimum 2 nights. ---------------------------- For Enquiries: +2348180003827, +2349018621600, +234803 680 3104 [email protected] Follow us on Instagram and Facebook @egcentproperty Follow us on social @egcentlussoshortlet @egcentproperty @egcentland

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Egcent Limited
3 Bedrooms Available — Phase 1, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
1
₦165,000 /mo

Flat / apartment short let

3 Bedrooms Available

Near Petrocam Fuel Station at Elf Bus-stop Lekki. Phase 1 3 Bedroom flat - 165,000.00/ night For short let. Has very good features and facilities and in a very secured and conducive area with constant power supply.

Phase 1, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 4 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
Loyalty Homes Limited
2 Bedrooms Flat Available — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
2
₦150,000 /mo

Flat / apartment short let

2 Bedrooms Flat Available

Near Petrocam Fuel Station at Elf Bus-stop Lekki. Phase 1 2 Bedroom flat - 150,000.00/ night For short let. Has very good features and facilities and in a very secured and conducive area with constant power supply.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 3 baths 3 toilets 6 Parking
Loyalty Homes Limited
Luxury 3 Bedrooms Apartment with Swimming Pool Gym and Rooftop — Beside Pinnacle Filling Station, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
11
₦150,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Luxury 3 Bedrooms Apartment with Swimming Pool Gym and Rooftop

All rooms en-suite 24/7 electricity Standard generator back up High speed unlimited 5G network Ludo game Chess board Swimming pool Gym Rooftop 24/7 high profile security Serene environment Suitable for families and children friendly Washing machine Refrigerator Smart tv Netflix/Youtube Balcony Clean water Fully equipped kitchen Wine on demand Chef on demand Refundable caution fee N50,000 Send in your bookings

Beside Pinnacle Filling Station, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 3 toilets 3 Parking
Barbsconsult

Showing 38,741–38,761 of 63,817 properties

Area Guide

About Lekki, Lagos

Lekki is a city located in the eastern part of Lagos. Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula, adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos, with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast which ends at around the western edge of Refuge Island, adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. 

The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80km long, with an average width of 10km. Lekki currently houses several Estates, gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos is ₦350,000,000.

The price of the most expensive flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos is ₦4,800,000,000.

The price of the cheapest flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos is ₦900,000.

There are 63,817 available flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.