Nigeria Property Centre

5 Bedroom Houses in Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos

There are 349 houses for sale and rent in Old Ikoyi as of 19 Sep 2026, with an average price of ₦4B. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Luxury 5 Bedrooms Detached Duplex with Cinema, Elevator & Pool — Off Bourdillon, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
25
₦4,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedrooms Detached Duplex with Cinema, Elevator & Pool

Contemporary 5 bedrooms fully detached duplex for sale. Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Luxury Finishing - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] BQ - ⁠[ ] Swimming pool - [ ] Gym - [ ] Cinema - [ ] Open terrace Location : old ikoyi off bourdillon lagos nigeria Price: 4.5B Asking

Off Bourdillon, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 4 Parking
Ninahomesltd
Spacious 5 Bedroom Maisonette with BQ — Off Glover Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
12
₦90,000,000 /yr

House for rent

Spacious 5 Bedroom Maisonette with BQ

Luxury built 5 bedroom maisonette with bq, fitted kitchen, en-suite rooms, 2 living area, walk-in closet, swimming pool, Gym and elevator. Location: Old Koyi Rent: 90M Service charge: 7M Agency: 10% Legal: 10% Caution: 5%

Off Glover Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos Added yesterday
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Mo Resources & Services LTD
5 Bedroom Furnished Triplex House — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
1
$6,800,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Furnished Triplex House

A standalone, Newly Completed and Furnished 5 Bedroom, 2 Living Rooms, 1 Room Home Office Triplex Contemporary House is available For Sale. Luxury Features: - Gym & Sauna - Roof Entertainment Lounge - Fully Fitted Wet & Dry Kitchen Equipped with Miele appliances - Elevator - Garage parking for 5 Cars - 5 Rooms Servant Quarters - Newly furnished house with Italian specs - Swimming Pool - Generator & Gate House Location: Old Ikoyi Land size: 750m² Title: Lagos C of O Price: $6.8m

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos Added yesterday
5 beds 5 Parking
Healthy Living Topnotch Properties
Ultra-Luxury Smart 5 Bedroom Detached Villas with 2 BQS — Ikoyi, 5 Minutes Drive to Ikoyi Club, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
14
$4,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Ultra-Luxury Smart 5 Bedroom Detached Villas with 2 BQS

EC00123 Ultra-Luxury Smart 5 Bedroom Detached Villas with 2 BQs for Sale in Old Ikoyi Lagos Introducing an exclusive collection of ultra-luxury smart residences located in the prestigious Old Ikoyi district of Ikoyi. This premium development comprises only four bespoke 5 bedroom detached villas, designed to international standards and equipped with cutting-edge home automation, sustainable energy systems, and world-class lifestyle amenities. Location: Old Ikoyi, Lagos Prices - 5 Bedroom Detached Villa + 2 BQs (700sqm) --- $5,000,000 - 5 Bedroom Detached Villa + 2 BQs (600sqm) --- $4,500,000 - 5 Bedroom Detached Villa + 2 BQs (550sqm) --- $4,000,000 Title: Available on Request Property Features - 5 spacious en-suite bedrooms - 2 living rooms - 2-room Boys' Quarters (BQ) - Full home automation powered by Schneider Electric - Fully solar-powered development - Double-volume master bedroom suite - Fully fitted luxury kitchen - Central air-conditioning system - Premium fitted wardrobes - High-security entrance doors - CCTV surveillance system - Private elevator - Fully furnished cinema room - Private swimming pool - Rooftop terrace and lounge - Children's play area - Parking for up to 6 vehicles - Premium architectural design and finishing - Smart home technology integration - Excellent natural lighting and ventilation Investment Highlights - Located in one of Africa's most prestigious residential districts - Extremely limited inventory with only four villas available - Strong demand from ultra-high-net-worth individuals and expatriates - Exceptional capital appreciation potential - Fully solar-powered and future-ready infrastructure - International-standard smart home technology - Ideal for luxury living, family offices, and wealth preservation Neighbourhood Landmarks - Ikoyi Club 1938 - Lagos Polo Club - Bourdillon Road - Banana Island - Osborne Foreshore - Victoria Island Business District For Enquiries & Private Inspection Edmund Castle International Realty london - dubai - lagos +234 802 268 9293 WhatsApp: +44 7917 905490 [email protected] Instagram: @edmundcasle.lagos Dubai Listings: @edmundcastle.uae

Ikoyi, 5 Minutes Drive to Ikoyi Club, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 5 toilets
Edmund Castle Properties
5-Bedroom Penthouse with 2 BQS — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
6
₦150,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

5-Bedroom Penthouse with 2 BQS

Luxury 5-Bedroom Penthouse + 2 BQs Old Ikoyi, Lagos ₦150M/Year 2 Years Required Total Package: ₦372.5M Charges: - Agency -- 10% of 2 Years - Legal -- 5% of 2 Years - Caution -- 10% of 1 Year - 2-Room BQs - Study - Cinema - Spacious Living Areas - Ensuite Rooms - Modern Kitchen - Ample Parking - Secure Environment

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos Added yesterday
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Best Idea Realty
Newly Built 5-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
17
₦80,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

Newly Built 5-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ

[semi direct brief!] Luxury 5-bedroom terrace duplex with BQ for rent Location: Old Ikoyi Amenities: - Fitted kitchen with accessories - Modern day pop ceiling - Detailed finishing - Wardrobes - Water heaters - Heat extractor - BQ - Swimming pool - ⁠Office space Rent: ₦80 Million Service charge: TBD alc: 10% each

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos Added yesterday
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Propellr Homes
Premium
$7,500,000

Detached duplex for sale

Newly Constructed 5-Bedroom Detach House on 750SQM Land

SemiDirect Instruction to sell: Old Ikoyi Newly constructed 5 Bedroom Detached House sitting on 750sqm off Milverton Road, Ikoyi --- $7.5m Ilo

Off Milverton Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Nnendu Homes & Properties Limited
Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Mansion on 3,500SQM with Pool — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
1
₦13,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Mansion on 3,500SQM with Pool

An exceptional luxury detached mansion situated on approximately 3,500sqm in the heart of Old Ikoyi, Lagos. This rare trophy property offers an unparalleled blend of luxury, privacy, and exclusivity in one of Nigeria's most prestigious residential neighborhoods. With expansive grounds, premium amenities, and generous accommodation, it is ideal for diplomats, corporate executives, ultra-high-net-worth individuals, and investors seeking a landmark property. Features: 5 spacious en-suite bedrooms Swimming pool 2-room guest chalet 2-room Boys' Quarters (BQ) Massive 3,500sqm land size Spacious living and dining areas Large compound Ample parking space Mature landscaping Secure and serene environment Prestigious Old Ikoyi address Land Size: 3,500sqm Price: ₦13.5 Billion

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 7 baths 8 toilets 20 Parking
Luxvera Property Limited
Luxury 5-Bedrooms House — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
10
₦6,000,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5-Bedrooms House

Available by Dita Homes Newly built and contemporary designed en-suite 5-bedrooms House with maid's quarters in a residential neighborhood with good proximity to social amenities.

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 6 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Dita Homes
Luxury 5bedroom Home Elevator Cinema Gym Space Spacious Living a — Dining Area ▪️all Rooms En-Suite ▪️pantry ▪️maid’s Room ▪️fitted Kit, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
15
₦4,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5bedroom Home Elevator Cinema Gym Space Spacious Living a

Luxury 5bedroom home location: Ikoyi, lagos ️tittle: C of O building approval price: NGN 4.5 billion naira features Luxury home Prime location Top tier furnitures Rooftop Lounge Study/Office Swimming Pool Modern fittings Ante room Guest bathroom Elevator Cinema Gym Space Spacious living area Dining Area All rooms en-suite Pantry Maid's room Fitted Kitchen Large balcony Secured environment --------------------------------------------------- for physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] or call / whatsapp ️ Call / WhatsApp: Bless)

Dining Area ▪️all Rooms En-Suite ▪️pantry ▪️maid’s Room ▪️fitted Kit, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Realtor
5 Bedroom Triplex Penthouse with Private Pool — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
9
$3,500,000

House for sale

5 Bedroom Triplex Penthouse with Private Pool

CW09910 5 Bedroom Triplex Penthouse with Private Pool "Experience unparalleled luxury in this 5-bedroom triplex penthouse located off Banana Island Road in the prestigious Old Ikoyi, Lagos. Designed for sophisticated living, this exceptional residence combines expansive interiors, private leisure facilities, multiple kitchens, and a stunning rooftop terrace within an exclusive gated community. Perfect for discerning homeowners, executives, expatriates, and high-net-worth individuals seeking privacy and world-class living in one of Lagos' most prestigious neighborhoods. Property Details Property Type Luxury 5-Bedroom Triplex Penthouse Location Old Ikoyi, Lagos Sale Price US$3,500,000 Annual Rent US$150,000 Additional Charges For Rent Service Charge: TBD Caution Fee: 10% Agency Fee: 10% Legal Fee: 10% Property Features Five Spacious Bedrooms Dedicated Study Room Wet & Dry Kitchens Private Rooftop Terrace Large Private Balconies Private Swimming Pool Two-Room Boys' Quarters High-Speed Private Elevator Fully Equipped Gym House Parking Space for Up to 4 Cars Premium Contemporary Finishes Spacious Living and Dining Areas Estate & Security Exclusive Gated Community Well-Secured Environment Ample Parking Private Residential Setting Premium Neighborhood Investment Highlights Prestigious Old Ikoyi location Rare triplex penthouse configuration Private rooftop terrace and swimming pool Multiple BQ rooms Strong rental and capital appreciation potential Ideal for Luxury Homeowners, Investors, Executives, Diplomats, and Expatriates Lifestyle Benefits Enjoy easy access to Banana Island, Victoria Island, Eko Atlantic City, Ikoyi's premium commercial and lifestyle destinations, luxury restaurants, international schools, healthcare facilities, and major business districts. This exceptional penthouse delivers the ultimate combination of privacy, space, exclusivity, and luxury, making it a rare opportunity to own or rent a landmark residence in Old Ikoyi. Sale US$3,500,000 rent US$150,000 Per Annum" For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Rose: 08149226187 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
C W Real Estate
5 Bedroom Luxury Maisonette with BQ — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
25
₦90,000,000 /yr

Terraced bungalow for rent

5 Bedroom Luxury Maisonette with BQ

Luxury built 5 bedroom maisonette with bq, fitted kitchen, en-suite rooms, 2 living area, walk-in closet, swimming pool, GYM and elevator. Location: Old Koyi Rent: 90M Service charge: 7M Agency: 10% Legal: 10% Caution: 5%

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
New Adventure Limited
5 Bedroom Detached Duplex, High Demand Property — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
9
₦2,700,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Detached Duplex, High Demand Property

5-Bedroom Detached Duplex for Sale in Old Ikoyi Price: ₦2.7 Billion Location: Old Ikoyi, Lagos Availability: Only One Unit Remaining For sale is an impressive five-bedroom detached duplex within an exclusive residential development in the highly sought-after neighbourhood of Old Ikoyi. The property offers generous living spaces, premium contemporary finishes and excellent privacy. Its expansive living and dining areas feature high ceilings, elegant lighting and full-height glazing that creates a bright, airy atmosphere. The spacious, fully fitted kitchen includes extensive cabinetry, a central island, integrated appliances, a six-burner cooker with modern extractor and a family-size double-door refrigerator. The grand master suite includes extensive wardrobes, a private balcony and a luxurious bathroom fitted with a double vanity, freestanding bathtub and frameless walk-in rainfall shower. Key Features - Five spacious bedrooms - Grand living and dining areas - Fully fitted contemporary kitchen - Central kitchen island - Six-burner cooker and modern extractor - Family-size double-door refrigerator - Premium integrated appliances - Spacious master suite - Built-in wardrobes - Luxury master bathroom - Private master-bedroom balcony - Multiple private balconies - Premium marble-effect flooring - Contemporary recessed lighting - Full-height windows and sliding doors - Generous private driveway - Secure gated compound - Modern white-and-grey architecture - Excellent access within Old Ikoyi - Only one unit remaining This is an excellent opportunity to acquire a substantial family residence in one of Lagos' most prestigious and tightly held residential locations. Contact ejo Properties Limited to arrange a private inspection.

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 3 Parking
Ejo Properties Limited
5 Bedroom Triplex Penthouse with Private Pool — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
9
$3,500,000

House for sale

5 Bedroom Triplex Penthouse with Private Pool

CW09910 5 Bedroom Triplex Penthouse with Private Pool "Experience unparalleled luxury in this 5-bedroom triplex penthouse located off Banana Island Road in the prestigious Old Ikoyi, Lagos. Designed for sophisticated living, this exceptional residence combines expansive interiors, private leisure facilities, multiple kitchens, and a stunning rooftop terrace within an exclusive gated community. Perfect for discerning homeowners, executives, expatriates, and high-net-worth individuals seeking privacy and world-class living in one of Lagos' most prestigious neighborhoods. Property Details Property Type Luxury 5-Bedroom Triplex Penthouse Location Old Ikoyi, Lagos Sale Price US$3,500,000 Annual Rent US$150,000 Additional Charges For Rent Service Charge: TBD Caution Fee: 10% Agency Fee: 10% Legal Fee: 10% Property Features Five Spacious Bedrooms Dedicated Study Room Wet & Dry Kitchens Private Rooftop Terrace Large Private Balconies Private Swimming Pool Two-Room Boys' Quarters High-Speed Private Elevator Fully Equipped Gym House Parking Space for Up to 4 Cars Premium Contemporary Finishes Spacious Living and Dining Areas Estate & Security Exclusive Gated Community Well-Secured Environment Ample Parking Private Residential Setting Premium Neighborhood Investment Highlights Prestigious Old Ikoyi location Rare triplex penthouse configuration Private rooftop terrace and swimming pool Multiple BQ rooms Strong rental and capital appreciation potential Ideal for Luxury Homeowners, Investors, Executives, Diplomats, and Expatriates Lifestyle Benefits Enjoy easy access to Banana Island, Victoria Island, Eko Atlantic City, Ikoyi's premium commercial and lifestyle destinations, luxury restaurants, international schools, healthcare facilities, and major business districts. This exceptional penthouse delivers the ultimate combination of privacy, space, exclusivity, and luxury, making it a rare opportunity to own or rent a landmark residence in Old Ikoyi. Sale US$3,500,000 rent US$150,000 Per Annum" For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Rose: 08149226187 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
C W Real Estate
5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with 3 Rooms BQ, Pool, Green Area, Etc — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
16
₦150,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with 3 Rooms BQ, Pool, Green Area, Etc

For Lease 5Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with 3Rooms bq, Swimming Pool and Green area,etc. Land Size - 1500sqm Location - Old Ikoyi Price:150m per annum Call/Whatsapp - 07035299955/08025262007

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Sinclaire Homes LTD
Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached House with Swimming Pool — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
25
₦150,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached House with Swimming Pool

State of the Art Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached House with Swimming Pool and 2 Rooms Staff Quarters Available For Rent. Features: - Brand New - Swimming pool with lounge area - Large anteroom - Fitted with Air Conditioning Units - Fully Fitted Kitchen (Wet and Dry kitchen) - Washroom - Dedicated Dinning area - Massive livingroom and bedrooms - Home office - Family lounge upstairs - Large balconies - Massive walk-in closet - All rooms en-suite - Security House - Large compound space for ample parking - 2 rooms staff quarters - Located in a serene and secured environment - Property is suitable for high profile/ executives, - Prime area, proximity to major places, e.t.c. Rental Price: 150 million naira Terms: 3 years upfront payment Agency Fees: 10% Legal Fees: 10% Caution Fees: 10% Location: Ikoyi, Lagos For Further Enquiries and Inspection Bookings, kindly Contact Aruofeg Enterprise: 08074577210 or 08057989376

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Aruofeg Enterprise
Exquisite 5-Bedroom Penthouse with 2 BQS, Cinema, Study, Pool — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
6
₦150,000,000 /yr

House for rent

Exquisite 5-Bedroom Penthouse with 2 BQS, Cinema, Study, Pool

Exquisite 5-Bedroom Penthouse with 2 BQs, Cinema, Study, Pool For Rent: Luxury 5-bedroom penthouse with 2-room Boys' Quarters, study, and cinema, located in the prestigious Old Ikoyi area. Location: Old Ikoyi, Lagos Rent: ₦150,000,000 per annum (2 Years Required) Tentative Total Package: ₦372,500,000 (for 2 years) Service Charge: ₦3,500,000 per annum Charges: Agency -- 10% of 2 years - Legal -- 5% of 2 years - Caution -- 10% of 1 year Comes With: 2-room Boys' Quarters - Study - Cinema - Spacious living areas - All rooms ensuite - Modern fitted kitchen - Ample parking - Secure environment - Prime location - Luxury finishing ----------------------------------------------------------------- For inquiries and inspection bookings: Call or send a DM to Tosin ExceptionalREALTOR on: +234 810 325 4940 (Call and WhatsApp) +234 911 752 2849 (Call and WhatsApp)

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 3 Parking
Wincovers Realty LTD
Tastefully Finished 5 Bedroom Penthouse with 2 Maids Room — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
24
₦4,000,000,000

House for sale

Tastefully Finished 5 Bedroom Penthouse with 2 Maids Room

A 5 Bedroom Penthouse - With a Cinema, Study, Ensuite staff Quarters and personalized Elevator, Wrapped around Terraces. (12th - 14th floor) Swimming Pool, Salon, Gym, tennis court, basket ball court. Concierge service Amenities and facilities are as follows: 1. Adult and Children Swimming pools 2. Wet and Dry Kitchens 3. spa 4. Functional GYM 5. Fully Secured 6. 24 hours Power 7. 2 General Elevators Per tower 8. Concierge Desk 9. Lounge overlooking lobby 10. Spacious Elevator lobby 11. Lawn Tennis Court 12. 2 Elevators Per Tower 13. Maids Room 14. Innovative Lighting System 15. Floor lights 16. Ample parking space 17. Air Conditioning 18. Double volume lounge 19. Smart home system Contact: Harbor Moore Realty for more information and schedule a Private Viewing +234 8067287814 +234 9065837652 (Call Or WhatsApp)

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Harbor Moore Realty
5-Bedroom Maisonette with Pool and Gym — Luxury and Spacious 5-Bedroom Maisonette Penthouse, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
23
$3,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

5-Bedroom Maisonette with Pool and Gym

5-Bedroom Maisonette- Old Ikoyi - $3M For Sale: Luxury and spacious 5-bedroom maisonette penthouse with 2-room Boys' Quarters, offering fully automated living, a private swimming pool, cinema, gym and concierge services in prestigious Old Ikoyi. Location: Old Ikoyi, Lagos Price: $3,000,000 Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Comes With: Flood-free - 24/7 security - Elevator - Fully automated - 2-room Boys' Quarters - Private swimming pool - Private cinema - Lounge - Concierge - Gym

Luxury and Spacious 5-Bedroom Maisonette Penthouse, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Marketbooy of Lagos Realty Limited
Luxury and Spacious 5-Bedroom Apartment with Boys' Quarters, — Old Ikoyi, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
25
$2,000,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Luxury and Spacious 5-Bedroom Apartment with Boys' Quarters,

The most Spacious 5-Bedroom Apartment with BQ - Old Ikoyi - $2M For Sale: Luxury and spacious 5-bedroom apartment with Boys' Quarters, set within a premium residential development in Old Ikoyi, offering generous living spaces, modern amenities and excellent security. Location: Old Ikoyi, Lagos Price: $2,000,000 Size: 466 sqm Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Comes With: Elevator - Smart home system - Wet & dry kitchens - Boys' Quarters - Swimming pool - Children's playground - Game house - Underground parking lot - 24/7 security - Maisonette gym - Study

Old Ikoyi, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 6 baths 6 toilets 4 Parking
Interiorscapes Integrated Services

Showing 1–20 of 349 properties

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of 5 bedroom houses in Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos is ₦4,000,000,000.

The price of the most expensive 5 bedroom houses in Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos is ₦13,500,000,000.

The price of the cheapest 5 bedroom houses in Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos is ₦4,500,000.

There are 349 available 5 bedroom houses in Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.