Nigeria Property Centre

Property for Sale in Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos

There are 8,903 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale in Lekki Phase 1. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

421–441 of 8,903 properties for sale

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Off Plan 2 Bedroom Apartment with BQ, Pool with Rooftop and Gym
11 photos
₦250,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Off Plan 2 Bedroom Apartment with BQ, Pool with Rooftop and Gym

Off plan 2 bedroom flat with Bq inside Orange Island Estate, Lekki phase 1, lagos. Payment plan: 18 months construction period Features Rooftop Swimming pool Rooftop Gym Well finished 247 security En-suite bedrooms Water treatment Fully fitted kitchen Serenity Excellent rental value Ample parking space Smoke extractor Island counter top Fully smart home Total Area: 150sqm Price: N250m

Orange Island Estate, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets 2 Parking

Bankofproperty LTD

Contact Agent
Newly Built 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ
Premium
16
₦750,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Newly Built 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ

New 5Bed Fully detached duplex +1bq off Admiralty lekki phase1 proper, N750m. C of O

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 5 Toilets
Starriest Global Properties
A Prime Land Measuring 1, 250SQM with 4 Units of 4 Bedroom Terraces
Premium
3
₦2,000,000,000

Mixed-use land for sale

A Prime Land Measuring 1, 250SQM with 4 Units of 4 Bedroom Terraces

For sale a Prime Land Measuring 1,250sqm with 4 Units of 4 Bedroom Terraces, Offering Strong Redevelopment or Repositioning Potential in a High Demand Residential Location. Property Details: - Land Size: 1,250sqm - 4 Terrace Units on Site Location: Lekki Phase 1 Title Document: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Price Listing: ₦2 Billion Naira This is a strategic acquisition for developers or investors looking to maximize land value within one of Lekki's most established and sought after neighborhoods. For further enquiries and inspection bookings, kindly contact Aruofeg Enterprise: 08074577210 or 08057989376

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1250 sqm
Aruofeg Enterprise
2 Bedroom En-Suite Flat
Premium
16
₦340,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

2 Bedroom En-Suite Flat

2 bedroom en-suite flat

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 1 Baths 3 Toilets
Ail Property Development Company
4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex
Premium
9
₦650,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex

CW09169 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex in Lekki Phase 1 Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Experience modern luxury in this beautifully finished 4-bedroom semi-detached duplex, located within a secure estate in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. Designed with contemporary architecture and premium fittings, this home offers an ideal blend of comfort, style, and functionality. Sale Details Price: ₦650,000,000 Title Documents: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) & Governor's Consent Features & Amenities 4 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms 1 Boys' Quarters (BQ) Fully Fitted Kitchen with Premium Accessories Modern pop Ceilings Premium Interior Finishes Built-In Wardrobes Water Heaters Heat Extractor Jacuzzi Private Balconies Swimming Pool Secure Gated Estate Highlights Prime Lekki Phase 1 Location Contemporary Architectural Design Premium Finishes Throughout Ideal for Families and Investors Secure Residential Estate Excellent Road Network Strong Capital Appreciation Potential Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos An exceptional opportunity to own a luxury semi-detached duplex in one of Lekki Phase 1's most sought-after residential neighborhoods, offering premium amenities, secure living, and excellent long-term investment value. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Jennifer: +234 704 808 9361 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 6 Baths 5 Toilets
C W Real Estate
2 Bedroom Apartment
Premium
4
₦400,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

2 Bedroom Apartment

CW09190 2 Bedroom Apartment in Lekki Phase 1 Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a beautifully furnished 2-bedroom apartment featuring a private swimming pool, offering a unique blend of comfort, privacy, and luxury in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. This property is ideal for homeowners, expatriates, and investors seeking a premium residence with excellent rental potential. Sale Details Price: ₦400,000,000 Features & Amenities Fully Furnished 2 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms Private Swimming Pool Spacious Living & Dining Area Fully Fitted Kitchen Premium Interior Finishes Modern Contemporary Design Ample Parking Space Secure Residential Environment Highlights Prime Lekki Phase 1 Location Move-In Ready Rare Private Pool Feature Ideal for Homeowners and Investors Excellent Short-Let and Rental Income Potential Premium Lifestyle in a Secure Neighborhood Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a rare opportunity to own a fully furnished luxury apartment with a private pool in one of Lekki Phase 1's most desirable residential neighborhoods, offering exceptional comfort and strong investment value. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Itohan: +234 803 678 3187 Lilian: 09062511340 We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
C W Real Estate
2 Bedroom Terrace Duplex
Premium
23
₦350,000,000

House for sale

2 Bedroom Terrace Duplex

CW09199 2 Bedroom Terrace in Lekki Phase 1 Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a very spacious and fully furnished 2-bedroom terrace with a Boys' Quarters (BQ), situated on the prestigious Admiralty Road in Lekki Phase 1. This move-in-ready home combines modern comfort, elegant furnishings, and a prime location, making it an excellent choice for homeowners and investors. Sale Details Price: ₦350,000,000 (Net) Title: Deed of Assignment & Governor's Consent Features & Amenities Fully Furnished 2 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms Boys' Quarters (BQ) Spacious Living & Dining Area Fully Fitted Kitchen Premium Interior Finishes Modern Contemporary Design Ample Natural Lighting Secure Residential Environment Highlights Prime Admiralty Road Address Move-In Ready Spacious Layout Ideal for Homeowners, Expatriates, and Investors Excellent Rental Income Potential Strong Capital Appreciation Located in One of Lekki Phase 1's Most Desirable Neighborhoods Location: Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a fantastic opportunity to own a fully furnished luxury terrace in Lekki Phase 1, offering premium living, excellent investment potential, and a prestigious address. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Jennifer: +234 704 808 9361 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
C W Real Estate
2 Bedroom Apartment
Premium
9
₦305,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

2 Bedroom Apartment

CW09200 2 Bedroom Apartment in Lekki Phase 1 Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a beautifully designed 2-bedroom apartment located in the heart of Lekki Phase 1, offering modern finishes, spacious interiors, and an excellent opportunity for both homeowners and investors. Situated in one of Lagos' most sought-after residential neighborhoods, this property combines comfort, convenience, and long-term value. Sale Details Price: ₦305,000,000 Features & Amenities 2 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms Spacious Living & Dining Area Fully Fitted Kitchen Premium Interior Finishes Contemporary Architectural Design Ample Parking Space Secure Residential Environment Highlights Prime Lekki Phase 1 Location Modern Contemporary Design Ideal for Homeowners and Investors Excellent Rental Income Potential Strong Capital Appreciation Close to Business Hubs, Shopping Centres, Restaurants, and Schools Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a fantastic opportunity to own a premium 2-bedroom apartment in Lekki Phase 1, offering modern living, convenience, and excellent investment potential. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Jennifer: +234 704 808 9361 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
C W Real Estate
3 Bedroom Maisonette with BQ
Premium
9
₦450,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Maisonette with BQ

3-Bedroom Maisonette with BQ - Lekki Phase 1 - ₦450M For Sale: Luxury 3-bedroom maisonette located in the heart of Lekki Phase 1, offering modern finishes, spacious interiors, and premium lifestyle amenities. Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Price: ₦450,000,000 Comes With: Boys' Quarters - Swimming pool - Spacious living areas - All rooms ensuite - Modern fitted kitchen - Ample parking - Secure environment - Prime location - Luxury finishing

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
Afflux Properties
Luxury 2 Bedroom Flat with Amazing Infrastructure
Premium
1
₦250,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury 2 Bedroom Flat with Amazing Infrastructure

2 Bedroom in Lekki Phase 1 - Marketed by Property Links Global Contact the seller directly on WhatsApp via wa.me/2348035157769 or call +2347041489625 Laguna Seaview is a premium off-plan residential development located within the serene Lekki Foreshore Scheme, offering breathtaking lagoon views and refined urban living. The project sits on approximately 1,000sqm in a secure and well-planned environment. The development comprises 2-Bedroom Apartments, 4-Bedroom Maisonettes with BQ, and 3-Bedroom Pent Apartments with BQ, thoughtfully designed with contemporary architecture, spacious interiors, and high-quality finishes. Key Features & Amenities: - Lagoon / sea view - Swimming pool - Central elevator - 24/7 power supply - CCTV & uniformed security - Smart home features 2 parking spaces per unit + guest parking Beautifully landscaped surroundings Pricing (Off-Plan): 2 Bedroom Apartment -- 250M Payment Plan: - 20% initial deposit - Balance can be spread across 15 months max Title: Governor's consent An excellent opportunity for luxury living or a high-yield investment in one of Lekki's most sought-after waterfront locations. Contact the seller directly on WhatsApp via wa.me/2348035157769 or call +2347041489625

Foreshore Flats Orange Island, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 4 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
Property Links Global
Prime Gated Bare 1, 130SQM Land
Premium
1
₦1,500,000,000

Land for sale

Prime Gated Bare 1, 130SQM Land

CWL1607 Prime Gated Bare 1130sqm Land in Lekki Secure a premium 1,130sqm gated bare land in the highly sought-after Lekki Phase 1, Lagos. Situated within a well-established and secure environment, this property offers an excellent opportunity for luxury residential development or long-term investment in one of Lagos' most prestigious neighborhoods. With a Certificate of Occupancy (C of O), this land provides secure ownership and outstanding capital appreciation potential. Property Details Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Property Type: Gated Bare Land Land Size: 1,130sqm Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Price: ₦1,500,000,000 (Net) Property Highlights Gated Bare Land Prime Lekki Phase 1 Location 1,130sqm Development Plot Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Excellent Road Network Suitable for Luxury Residential Development Suitable Development Options Luxury Detached Residence Duplex Development Boutique Residential Project Private Family Estate Investment Highlights Prestigious Residential Address Strong Capital Appreciation Potential Secure Land Title Prime Development Opportunity High Investment Value Ideal Buyer This property is ideal for developers, investors, and individuals looking to build a luxury residence in Lekki Phase 1. Price ₦1,500,000,000 (Net) Location Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Land Size 1,130sqm Property Type Gated Bare Land for more information, pricing and private viewing Please Contact: Emmanuel: 09088072106 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
C W Real Estate
Well Finished 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Swimming BQ
Premium
17
₦1,000,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Well Finished 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Swimming BQ

#listing 002 5 bed lekki phase 1 1B Well Finished 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Swimming bq and open terrace in an estate in Lekki phase 1 Location: Lekki phase 1 Price: 1B Features- - Ensuite rooms - Aesthetic pop ceilings - Spot lighting -Chandelier - Sound system - Masters suite - Spacious living room - Cctv cameras - Clean water -open terrace - Top quality tiles - Pantry -Swimming Pool -Master's suite - Walk-in closet - Walk-in shower - 4 parking spaces - Gate house - Secured estate -Cinema - Good access roads -Boys quater- Flood free Title : Governor's Consent

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 6 Baths 6 Toilets 4 Parking
Interiorscapes Integrated Services
5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex
Premium
17
₦700,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex

Just listed 5 Bed II 700million lekki phase 1 For Sales 5 Bedrooms Fully Detached Duplex Price: 700 Million Naira Location: Lekki phase 1, Lagos, Nigeria Features: - All Rooms Ensuite - Stamped Concrete Floor - Inbuilt Speakers - Water Heater - Fully Fitted Kitchen Title: C of O and building approval

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking
Rubimonds Properties and Investment
Beautifully Designed House
Premium
16
₦1,200,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Beautifully Designed House

Sales alert Luxurious 5Bedroom Fully detached with an Ante room, swimming pool, gym, cinema, and BQ for sale! Location: Lekki phase 1, Lagos Price: N1.2Billion Features . Good ambience . Secured estate . Interlocking street . Modern structure . Spacious Rooms . Pop ceiling . Ample parking space . Walk in Wardrobes . Water heaters . All rooms ensuit . Fully fitted kitchen . Chandeliers . Balcony . Swimming pool . Dry kitchen . Wet kitchen . CCTV . Study room . Private cinema . Gym Title: approved building plan and Global C of O.

Off Fola Osibo Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 5 Parking
Levybe Investment LTD
Beautifully Built 2 Bedroom Apartment with a Pool and Gym
Premium
10
₦280,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Beautifully Built 2 Bedroom Apartment with a Pool and Gym

2 Bedroom Apartment with a Pool and Gym For Sale Location: Lekki Phase 1 Perfect For Shortlet, Rental & Personal Use Price: N280m Features: Elevator Gym Swimming Pool All rooms en-suite Water heater Longe Balcony Pop ceiling Fitted kitchen 24/7 power supply and water supply Good road network Spacious kitchen Secured estate Good drainage system

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets 2 Parking
Brookstel Properties LTD
Land Measuring 1, 183SQM in Lekki
Premium
1
₦1,800,000,000

Land for sale

Land Measuring 1, 183SQM in Lekki

CWL1527 Land Measuring 1,183sqm in Lekki An exceptional opportunity to acquire a 1,183sqm parcel of land in the heart of Lekki Phase 1, one of Lagos' most prestigious and highly sought-after residential neighborhoods. This prime property is ideal for the development of a luxury private residence, high-end apartments, or an exclusive residential project. With a Governor's Consent title and a strategic location, this property offers excellent development potential and strong long-term capital appreciation. Property Details Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Land Size: 1,183sqm Title: Governor's Consent Price: ₦1,800,000,000 Property Highlights Prime Lekki Phase 1 Location Development-Ready Plot Suitable for Luxury Residential Development Excellent Road Network Secure and Serene Environment Prestigious Neighborhood Strong Capital Appreciation Potential High-Demand Residential Address Development Potential Luxury Detached Residence High-End Apartment Development Terrace Development Boutique Residential Project Investment Property Investment Highlights Secure Title Documentation Premium Residential Location Excellent Long-Term Investment Strong Rental and Resale Potential Ideal for Developers and Private Buyers Ideal Buyer This property is ideal for luxury home developers, private homeowners, family offices, institutional investors, and high-net-worth individuals seeking premium land in Lekki Phase 1. Price ₦1,800,000,000 Location Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Land Size 1,183sqm Title Governor's Consent for more information, pricing and private viewing Please Contact: Emmanuel: 09088072106 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
C W Real Estate
3 Bedroom Apartment
Premium
8
₦350,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment

CW09128 Beautifully finished 3 bedroom apartment for sale in Lekki Phase 1. Each unit features all rooms en-suite, ⁠furnished, ⁠fully fitted kitchen, ⁠24 hours electricity, ⁠treated water, ⁠good road network and ⁠inverter. The development includes ⁠24 hours security. Property Features: - All rooms en-suite - ⁠Furnished - ⁠Fully fitted kitchen - ⁠24 hours electricity - ⁠24 hours security - ⁠Treated Water - ⁠Good Road network - ⁠Inverter Financial Details: - Rent: ₦350,000,000 Lekki Phase 1 ₦350,000,000

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
C W Real Estate
Offplan Project 2 Bedroom Serviced Apartment
Premium
7
₦320,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Offplan Project 2 Bedroom Serviced Apartment

Offplan project 2 Bedroom serviced apartment available for sale Lekki phase 1 lagos Price: 320M Construction Progress We're excited to announce that the first-floor columns have been completed, marking another important milestone in the development. Work continues steadily as we progress to the next phase of construction, keeping the project on schedule. 2-Bedroom: ₦320,000,000 Size: - 2-Bedroom: 135--148 m² Payment plan available

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 2 Toilets
Nazeef247 Homes and Properties LTD
Luxury 5 Bedroom Duplex with Swimming Pool, Cinema and Rooftop Terrce
Premium
23
₦1,100,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Duplex with Swimming Pool, Cinema and Rooftop Terrce

Wow 5 bedroom duplex with pool, Cinema, office/study, rooftop terrace, security house & bq Location: Lekki Phase 1 Price: N1.1B Features- -Ensuite rooms - Aesthetic pop ceilings- Spacious living room - Clean water - Top quality tiles - Pantry - Island countertop - Master's suite - Walk-in closet - Walk-in shower - Custom vanity - Parking Space - Flood free - Secured estate - Good access roads Title: Governor's Consent

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 5 Toilets
Realtor Locke
Alluringly Crafted 5 Bedroom Semi-Detached Triplex with BQ, Pool
Premium
7
₦600,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Alluringly Crafted 5 Bedroom Semi-Detached Triplex with BQ, Pool

Alluringly Crafted 5 Bedroom Semi-Detached Triplex With Bq, Swimming Pool, Elevator And Solar Power Station In a Serene Environment For Sale Features: - Contemporary Architecture - Spacious Parking Space - Modern Luxury Appurtenances - Ample Parking Space - Spacious Living Areas - Dining Area - Luxury Sanitary Wares - Family Lounge - Balcony - Integrated Audio System - Mind Blowing Lightings - Beautiful Carved Walk-in Closet - Stamped Concrete Floor - Well Equipped And Fully Fitted Kitchen - Access Controlled Gated Estate - Great Neighborhood - Sound proof windows - Swimming Pool - Bq - Elevator - Solar Popwer Station Price: ₦600m Location: Lekki phase 1, lagos Title: Governor's consent & building approval For Inspection, Inquiries and purchase; Call/WhatsApp: +2349025481130, +14322392227

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 6 Baths 7 Toilets
Ablebis Realty
Prime 1, 840.905SQM Expressway Frontage Development Site
Premium
4
₦3,000,000,000

Land for sale

Prime 1, 840.905SQM Expressway Frontage Development Site

Note: Photos are for illustrative purposes only. Property Description a rare investment opportunity to acquire 1,840.905sqm of prime commercial land strategically positioned directly facing the Lekki-Epe Expressway within Lekki Scheme I. Properties with expressway frontage in this highly sought-after corridor are increasingly scarce, making this an ideal acquisition for developers, corporate investors, and businesses seeking exceptional visibility and long-term value. -Price: N3 Billion -Land Size: 1,840.905sqm Approx 1,841 sqm -Location: Lekki Scheme I, Lekki, Lagos -Position: Directly Facing the Lekki-Epe Expressway Best Use - Corporate headquarters -Commercial office development - Mixed-use commercial complex - Luxury showroom or flagship retail outlet - Hotel or serviced apartment development - Medical or educational facility - Banking hall or institutional development Investment Highlights -Prime expressway frontage with excellent visibility - Located within the prestigious Lekki Scheme I - High traffic corridor ideal for commercial developments - Strong potential for capital appreciation - Excellent accessibility to major business districts - Suitable for high-value commercial and mixed-use projects - One of the few remaining large development sites in this prime location Its strategic location offers easy accessibility, high traffic exposure, and excellent connectivity to Victoria Island, Ikoyi, Ajah, and the rapidly expanding Lekki-Epe growth corridor. This is an exceptional opportunity to secure a landmark development site in one of Lagos' fastest-growing investment corridors, offering outstanding commercial potential and long-term returns. For enquiries, inspections, and further details, contact ejo Properties Limited.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1841 sqm
Ejo Properties Limited

Showing 421–441 of 8,903 properties

Area Guide

About Lekki Phase 1, Nigeria

Lekki is a city located in the eastern part of Lagos. Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula, adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos, with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast which ends at around the western edge of Refuge Island, adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. 

The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80km long, with an average width of 10km. Lekki currently houses several Estates, gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

There are 8,903 available flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.