Nigeria Property Centre

Flats for Sale in Lagos

There are 13,844 flats for sale in Lagos as of 23 Aug 2026, with an average price of ₦250M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

6,101–6,121 of 13,844 properties for sale

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Waterfront 5 Bedroom Penthouse Flat with BQ
14 photos
₦850,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Waterfront 5 Bedroom Penthouse Flat with BQ

Pay 40% and spread balance payment for this Waterfront luxury 5 bedroom Penthouse flat with Bq off Banana Island, Ikoyi available for sale. Also available; 5 bedroom with Bq Construction stage: 5th floor. Completion time: 18 months Features Elevator Swimming pool Gym 247 security En-suite bedrooms Water treatment Serenity Excellent rental value Ample parking space Agency fee applies Price: N850m 0 - 24 months payment plan

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 3 Parking

Bankofproperty LTD

Contact agent
3 Bedroom Flat Spot Lighting -Chandelier - Sound System - Masters Suite — Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
Featured
15
₦1,200,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Flat Spot Lighting -Chandelier - Sound System - Masters Suite

3 Bed banana island 1.2B Well maintained 3 Bedroom Apartment with bq in Banana Island, Ikoyi Location: Banana Island, Ikoyi Price: 1.2B Features- - Ensuite rooms - Aesthetic pop ceilings - Spot lighting -Chandelier - Sound system - Masters suite - Spacious living room - Cctv cameras - Clean water - Top quality tiles - Pantry -Master's suite - Walk-in closet - Walk-in shower - 2 parking spaces - Gate house - Secured estate - Good access roads - Flood free Title : Governor's Consent

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
3 beds 5 baths 4 toilets
Charis Estate
4 Bedrooms Maisonette Penthouse with 2 Living Rooms, 2 Rooms Boys Quarter — Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Featured
22
₦3,800,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

4 Bedrooms Maisonette Penthouse with 2 Living Rooms, 2 Rooms Boys Quarter

4-Bedroom Maisonette - Ikoyi - ₦3.8BN For Sale: Mega luxury and exceptionally spacious 4-bedroom maisonette penthouse with 2 living rooms, 2-room Boys' Quarters, private infinity swimming pool, gym, cinema, and rooftop terrace, situated in one of Ikoyi's most prestigious location Location: Ikoyi, Lagos Price: ₦3,800,000,000 Title: C of O Size: 1,000sqm Comes With: Private infinity swimming pool - 2 living rooms - 2-room Boys' Quarters - Private gym - Cinema room - Rooftop terrace - Spacious living areas - All rooms ensuite - Designer fitted kitchen - Premium luxury finishing - Ample parking - Secure environment - Prime location - Exclusive penthouse living

Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
4 beds
Charis Estate
Luxury 2 Bedroom Apartment — Maruwa, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
8
₦330,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury 2 Bedroom Apartment

Luxury 2-Bedroom Apartment for Sale -- Lekki Experience contemporary luxury in this exquisitely designed 2-bedroom apartment located in the heart of Lekki. Thoughtfully crafted with premium finishes and modern architecture, this residence offers the perfect blend of elegance, comfort, and convenience. Residents enjoy exclusive access to world-class amenities, including a high-speed elevator, a stunning suspended swimming pool with breathtaking views, a fully equipped gym, and uninterrupted 24-hour power supply, ensuring a seamless lifestyle every day. Whether you're looking for a stylish home or a high-yield investment, this exceptional property presents an outstanding opportunity in one of Lagos' most desirable neighborhoods. Features: Spacious 2 ensuite bedrooms Modern fitted kitchen with premium finishes High-speed elevator Suspended swimming pool Fully equipped gym 24-hour power supply Excellent security Ample parking Contemporary architectural design Prime Lekki location

Maruwa, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 2 Parking
Sam Realty
Brand New Standard 1 Bedroom Apartment with Pool — Idado Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
11
₦100,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Brand New Standard 1 Bedroom Apartment with Pool

Brand New Standard 1 Bedroom f Apartment with pool. Price :N100m Location:idado before chevron. Title Consent

Idado Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 2 toilets 2 Parking
Enerst Properties
Brand New Luxury 3 Bedroom Apartment with Pool and Elevator — Off Admiralty, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
13
₦350,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Brand New Luxury 3 Bedroom Apartment with Pool and Elevator

Brand new luxury 3Bed apartment with pool and elevator Location:off Admiralty way lekki Phase1 Price : N350m Title c of o.

Off Admiralty, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Enerst Properties
Brand New Luxury 2 Bedroom Flat — Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
7
₦350,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Brand New Luxury 2 Bedroom Flat

Direct sales Brand New luxury 2bedroom flats with elevator, fully serviced with 24hours light at Lekki phase 1 not far from Lekki gate. Few units remaining at the moment. 350M net Lekki phase 1 Governors consent and Building approval Pictures available

Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 2 Parking
Wifis and Avaland
Block of 8 Units of 3 Bedroom Flats on 4 Floors — Chief D.ekwos Street, Abule-Ado, Amuwo Odofin, Lagos
Featured
4
₦250,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Block of 8 Units of 3 Bedroom Flats on 4 Floors

A block of 8 (No) 3-bedroom flats on 4 floors with an outbuilding, generator house, and a security gatehouse

Chief D.ekwos Street, Abule-Ado, Amuwo Odofin, Lagos
24 beds 96 baths 96 toilets 100 Parking
Zuzlon Properties Limited
3 Bedroom Apartment — Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
Featured
17
$1,500,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment

CW09237 3 Bedroom Apartment in Ikoyi Banana Island, Ikoyi Experience refined waterfront living in this luxury 3-bedroom apartment, thoughtfully designed with contemporary finishes, spacious interiors, and premium lifestyle amenities. Perfect for discerning homeowners and investors seeking elegance, comfort, and long-term value. Sale Details Price: $1,500,000 Features & Amenities 3 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms Spacious Living Area Fully Equipped Gym Swimming Pool Contemporary Interior Finishes Cassette Air Conditioners Spacious Private Balcony Waterfront View High-Speed Elevator Highlights Luxury Waterfront Living Contemporary Architectural Design Premium Lifestyle Amenities Spacious and Functional Layout Ideal for Homeowners, Expatriates, and Investors Excellent Rental Income Potential Strong Long-Term Capital Appreciation Location: Banana Island, Ikoyi a rare opportunity to own a premium waterfront residence offering luxury, comfort, and exceptional investment value in one of Lagos' most prestigious residential developments. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Olade: +234 810 875 5286 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
C W Real Estate
3 Bedroom Apartment — Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
Featured
17
$1,500,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment

CW09237 3 Bedroom Apartment in Ikoyi Banana Island, Ikoyi Experience refined waterfront living in this luxury 3-bedroom apartment, thoughtfully designed with contemporary finishes, spacious interiors, and premium lifestyle amenities. Perfect for discerning homeowners and investors seeking elegance, comfort, and long-term value. Sale Details Price: $1,500,000 Features & Amenities 3 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms Spacious Living Area Fully Equipped Gym Swimming Pool Contemporary Interior Finishes Cassette Air Conditioners Spacious Private Balcony Waterfront View High-Speed Elevator Highlights Luxury Waterfront Living Contemporary Architectural Design Premium Lifestyle Amenities Spacious and Functional Layout Ideal for Homeowners, Expatriates, and Investors Excellent Rental Income Potential Strong Long-Term Capital Appreciation Location: Banana Island, Ikoyi a rare opportunity to own a premium waterfront residence offering luxury, comfort, and exceptional investment value in one of Lagos' most prestigious residential developments. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Olade: +234 810 875 5286 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
C W Real Estate
Luxury 1 Bedroom Apartments — Ajose Street, Shomolu, Lagos
Featured
2
₦25,000,000

Mini flat (room and parlour) for sale

Luxury 1 Bedroom Apartments

Well-finished 1 -bedroom apartments available in Somolu, Lagos. Ideal for individuals, families, or investors looking for a home in a central location. Features: Pop ceilings Spacious rooms Modern kitchen Reliable water supply Ample parking CCTV security Visitor's toilet Price: 1 Bedroom -- ₦25,000,000 (15-Year Lease) Additional Fees: Agreement: 5% Legal: 5% Location: Somolu, Lagos For inspection or enquiries, call/WhatsApp: 09030828019

Ajose Street, Shomolu, Lagos
1 bed 2 baths 2 toilets 12 Parking
Occupiablenest Properties LTD
Furnished 3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ, Solar + Inverter — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
12
₦270,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Furnished 3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ, Solar + Inverter

1Bedroom Apartment also available With,Pool,Gym Price: 270M Location: Lekki Phase 1 Property Features: -Spacious Living Areas -En-suite Bedrooms - Fully Fitted Kitchen -Ample Parking -Modern Interior Design Title: Governor's Consent & CofO

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Marketbooy of Lagos
2 Bedroom Apartment with 20 Months Payment Plan — Lekki Foreshore, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
13
₦270,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

2 Bedroom Apartment with 20 Months Payment Plan

2 Bedroom Apartment With,Pool,Gym,Elevator Price: 270M Location: Lekki Phase 1 Property Features: -Spacious Living Areas -En-suite Bedrooms - Fully Fitted Kitchen -Ample Parking -Modern Interior Design Title: Governor's Consent & CofO

Lekki Foreshore, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 2 Parking
Marketbooy of Lagos
3 Bedroom Apartment with Swimming Pool, Gym — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
13
₦400,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment with Swimming Pool, Gym

3 Bedroom Apartment With,Pool,Gym, Price: 400M Location: Lekki Phase 1 Property Features: -Spacious Living Areas -En-suite Bedrooms - Fully Fitted Kitchen -Ample Parking -Modern Interior Design Title: Governor's Consent & CofO

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Marketbooy of Lagos
Luxury and Spacious 3 Bedroom Flat with BQ on the 6th Floor with Pool — Victoria Island (VI), Lagos
Featured
9
₦620,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury and Spacious 3 Bedroom Flat with BQ on the 6th Floor with Pool

For Sale 3 bedroom flat with bq on the 6th floor Price: N620 Million Naira Asking Location: Victoria island lagos features: Secure Estate Serene Neighborhood All Rooms En-suite Swimming Pool Security Doors Quality Light pop Ceiling Gas burner Oven Heat Extractor Water heater Pantry Dining Area Walk-in Closet Walk-In Shower Bathtub CCTV Cameras BQ balconies Kitchen walk-in Closet Convenient Car Parking

Victoria Island (VI), Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
Enerst Properties
3-Bedroom Apartment with BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
9
₦420,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3-Bedroom Apartment with BQ

CW09230 3-Bedroom Apartment with BQ Lekki Phase 1 Own one of only four exclusive 3-bedroom apartments in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. Designed with cutting-edge smart home technology, premium finishes, and exceptional amenities, these apartments offer a perfect blend of luxury, comfort, and long-term investment value. Property Details Property Type 3-Bedroom Apartment with BQ Availability 4 Units Only Location Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Sale Price ₦420,000,000 Property Type 2-Bedroom Apartment with BQ Availability 3 Units Only Location Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Sale Price ₦320,000,000 Property Features All Bedrooms En-Suite Boys' Quarter (BQ) Fully Fitted Kitchen Choice of Open or Closed Kitchen Layout Fitted Wardrobes Bluetooth Speakers Alexa-Enabled Smart Switches Surround Sound System Intercom Spacious Living and Dining Areas Premium Interior Finishes Estate Amenities Elevator Lift 24/7 Security CCTV Surveillance 24/7 Electricity Dedicated Transformer Solar Panels and Inverters Soundproof Generators Water Filtration System Clean Water Supply Ample Parking Space Secure Residential Environment Investment Highlights Prime Lekki Phase 1 Address Limited Availability (Only 4 Units) Smart Home Technology High Rental Yield Potential Excellent Capital Appreciation Ideal for Luxury Homeowners and Investors Lifestyle Benefits Prestigious Residential Community Modern Smart Living Experience Close to Business Districts, Shopping Centres, Fine Dining, International Schools, Healthcare Facilities, and Entertainment Hubs Easy Access to Victoria Island and Ikoyi Perfect for Families, Professionals, and Corporate Executives These luxury 3-bedroom apartments with BQ present a rare opportunity to own a technologically advanced home in one of Lagos' most prestigious residential neighborhoods, offering unmatched comfort, convenience, and investment potential. For more information, pricing and private viewing Please Contact: Chinenye: 08169112079 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
C W Real Estate
3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Featured
9
₦420,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ

CW09230 3-Bedroom Apartment with BQ Lekki Phase 1 Own one of only four exclusive 3-bedroom apartments in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. Designed with cutting-edge smart home technology, premium finishes, and exceptional amenities, these apartments offer a perfect blend of luxury, comfort, and long-term investment value. Property Details Property Type 3-Bedroom Apartment with BQ Availability 4 Units Only Location Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Sale Price ₦420,000,000 Property Type 2-Bedroom Apartment with BQ Availability 3 Units Only Location Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Sale Price ₦320,000,000 Property Features All Bedrooms En-Suite Boys' Quarter (BQ) Fully Fitted Kitchen Choice of Open or Closed Kitchen Layout Fitted Wardrobes Bluetooth Speakers Alexa-Enabled Smart Switches Surround Sound System Intercom Spacious Living and Dining Areas Premium Interior Finishes Estate Amenities Elevator Lift 24/7 Security CCTV Surveillance 24/7 Electricity Dedicated Transformer Solar Panels and Inverters Soundproof Generators Water Filtration System Clean Water Supply Ample Parking Space Secure Residential Environment Investment Highlights Prime Lekki Phase 1 Address Limited Availability (Only 4 Units) Smart Home Technology High Rental Yield Potential Excellent Capital Appreciation Ideal for Luxury Homeowners and Investors Lifestyle Benefits Prestigious Residential Community Modern Smart Living Experience Close to Business Districts, Shopping Centres, Fine Dining, International Schools, Healthcare Facilities, and Entertainment Hubs Easy Access to Victoria Island and Ikoyi Perfect for Families, Professionals, and Corporate Executives These luxury 3-bedroom apartments with BQ present a rare opportunity to own a technologically advanced home in one of Lagos' most prestigious residential neighborhoods, offering unmatched comfort, convenience, and investment potential. For more information, pricing and private viewing Please Contact: Chinenye: 08169112079 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
C W Real Estate
Luxury 3 Bedroom Apartment with Communal Elevator and Gym — Ikoyi, Lagos
Featured
14
₦400,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury 3 Bedroom Apartment with Communal Elevator and Gym

Super luxury 3 bedroom apartment with communal elevator and GYM in a communal living space perfect for family residence & rental/shortlet income for sale features: -- En-suite room -- ⁠Good Value For Money -- ⁠Modern Contemporary Architecture -- ⁠Water heaters -- ⁠Open kitchen -- ⁠Gorgeous Lightings -- ⁠Fitted Wardrobe -- ⁠Guest toilet -- ⁠Fitted Kitchen -- ⁠Spacious Living Area -- ⁠Stamp Concrete Floor -- ⁠Good road network -- ⁠Great Neighbourhood -- ⁠Elevator -- ⁠Communal Gym price: ₦400m location: Ikoyi, lagos For Inspection, inquiries and purchase; Call/WhatsApp: ️ ️+2349025481130, +14322392227

Ikoyi, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Ablebis Realty
1-Bedroom Apartment Offers — Oniru, Victoria Island (VI), Lagos
Featured
7
₦250,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

1-Bedroom Apartment Offers

Luxury 1-Bedroom Apartment Location: Oniru, Victoria Island This premium 1-bedroom apartment offers a perfect blend of comfort, exclusivity, and strong investment value, located in a prime and highly sought-after neighbourhood. Property Features: - Spacious bedroom with fitted wardrobes - Modern kitchen with quality fittings - Stylish living and dining area - Contemporary bathroom finishes - 24/7 security and controlled access - Ample parking space - Well-managed development - Swimming Pool Investment Highlights: - High-demand rental location - Suitable for short-let and long-term leasing - Strong capital appreciation potential - Ideal entry into luxury real estate Size: 89sqm Price: 250M Completion date: December, 2026 Ownernewtalk

Oniru, Victoria Island (VI), Lagos
1 bed
Charis Estate
3 Bedroom Apartment — Eko Atlantic City, Lagos
Featured
18
$950,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment

CW09220 3 Bedroom Apartment in VI Eko Atlantic City, Lagos Experience luxury waterfront living in this premium 3-bedroom apartment with a Boys' Quarters (BQ), located in the prestigious Eko Atlantic City. Positioned within a high-rise development, this residence offers breathtaking water views, world-class amenities, and an exceptional lifestyle in one of Africa's most iconic residential destinations. Sale Details Price: US$950,000 Features & Amenities 3 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms Boys' Quarters (BQ) High-Rise Development Swimming Pool Fully Equipped Gym High-Speed Elevators Stunning Water Views 24/7 Electricity 24/7 Security Spacious Living & Dining Area Premium Interior Finishes Highlights Prime Eko Atlantic City Address Spectacular Waterfront Views Luxury High-Rise Living Ideal for Homeowners, Expatriates, and Investors Excellent Rental Income Potential Strong Long-Term Capital Appreciation Premium Lifestyle Amenities Location: Eko Atlantic City, Lagos An outstanding opportunity to own a luxury waterfront residence in Eko Atlantic City, combining modern elegance, premium amenities, and exceptional investment potential. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Jennifer: +234 704 808 9361 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Eko Atlantic City, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
C W Real Estate
3 Bedroom Apartment — Eko Atlantic City, Lagos
Featured
18
$950,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment

CW09220 3 Bedroom Apartment in VI Eko Atlantic City, Lagos Experience luxury waterfront living in this premium 3-bedroom apartment with a Boys' Quarters (BQ), located in the prestigious Eko Atlantic City. Positioned within a high-rise development, this residence offers breathtaking water views, world-class amenities, and an exceptional lifestyle in one of Africa's most iconic residential destinations. Sale Details Price: US$950,000 Features & Amenities 3 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms Boys' Quarters (BQ) High-Rise Development Swimming Pool Fully Equipped Gym High-Speed Elevators Stunning Water Views 24/7 Electricity 24/7 Security Spacious Living & Dining Area Premium Interior Finishes Highlights Prime Eko Atlantic City Address Spectacular Waterfront Views Luxury High-Rise Living Ideal for Homeowners, Expatriates, and Investors Excellent Rental Income Potential Strong Long-Term Capital Appreciation Premium Lifestyle Amenities Location: Eko Atlantic City, Lagos An outstanding opportunity to own a luxury waterfront residence in Eko Atlantic City, combining modern elegance, premium amenities, and exceptional investment potential. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Jennifer: +234 704 808 9361 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Eko Atlantic City, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
C W Real Estate

Showing 6,101–6,121 of 13,844 properties

Area Guide

About Lagos, Nigeria

Lagos is a port and the most populous city in Nigeria. It is the second fastest-growing city in Africa and the seventh in the world. The population of Lagos according to the Lagos State Government, was 17.5 million. These figures are however disputed by the Nigerian Government and judged unreliable by the National Population Commission of Nigeria. The latest reports estimate the population at 21 million, making Lagos the largest city in Africa.

Lagos is a metropolitan area which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon while protected from the Atlantic Ocean by long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 kilometres (62 miles) east and west of the mouth. From the beginning, Lagos has expanded on the mainland west of the lagoon and the conurbation, including Ikeja (which is the capital of Lagos) and Agege, now reaches more than 40 kilometres (25 miles) north-west of Lagos Island. Some suburbs include IkoroduEpe and Badagry, and more local councils have recently been created, bringing the total number of local governments in Lagos to 57.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of flats for sale in Lagos is ₦250,000,000.

The price of the most expensive flats for sale in Lagos is ₦2,600,000,000.

The price of the cheapest flats for sale in Lagos is ₦16,000,000.

There are 13,844 available flats for sale in Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.